珠江三角洲传统村落生态侵蚀时空演变特征

传统村落的保护随着中国第四批保护名录的公布逐渐成为全社会的共识。传统村落是人类与自然环境长期相互作用与有机融合的产物,其周边农田、山林、水塘等自然生态环境使着传统村落生产及生活活动得以延续。1978年改革开放后,快速城市化的背景下,不同背景下的城乡建设使得传统村落周边生态自然环境不断遭受到侵蚀威胁,为其整体保护带来极大的挑战。为开展快速城市化背景下传统村落生态环境的影响研究,本文首先界定了传统村落生态侵蚀的概念,应用侵蚀动力学理论对自我生态侵蚀、外来生态侵蚀、突发性生态侵蚀与生态侵蚀修复4种生态侵蚀方式提出生态侵蚀演变的4种模型,同时以珠江三角洲中国传统村落为研究案例,从时间和空间上对珠江三角洲地区传统村落生态侵蚀情况进行分析,探讨其生态侵蚀演变规律,揭示快速城市化背景下传统村落生态侵蚀的时空演变特征,总结了“城镇建设外侵模式、村落建设扩张模式、道路交通占领模式、综合发展模式”4种传统村落生态侵蚀的用地演化模式,丰富和深化传统村落生态视角的研究,为传统村落的保护和相关规划提供了重要参考。

Spatio-temporal Evolution and Model of Ecological Erosion in Traditional Villages in the Pearl River Delta

Protecting traditional villages has gradually become the consensus of the whole society due to the announcement of the fourth batch of protection lists in China. Traditional villages are the product of the long-term interaction and organic fusion between human and natural environment. Such natural and ecological environments as the surrounding farmlands, mountains, forests and ponds maintain the production and living activities of traditional villages. However, against the backdrop of rapid urbanization after reform and opening up, the ecological environment around the villages is being threatened by increasingly serious erosion because of continuous urban and rural constructions. Urban and rural constructions also bring great challenges to the protection of traditional villages. We first define the concept of ecological erosion in traditional villages. After applying the theory of erosion dynamics, we analyze four ecological erosion ways, including self-ecological erosion, external ecological erosion, sudden ecological erosion and ecological erosion restoration. We also put forward four theoretical models of ecological erosion evolution. At the same time, according to analysis of the satellite images of ecological patches in different years, we take the traditional villages in the Pearl River Delta as the research case, analyze the ecological erosion based on various times and areas, discuss the evolvement law of ecological erosion and its temporal and spatial evolution characteristics in traditional villages under rapid urbanization. We summarize four models of ecological erosion in traditional villages, including "urban construction exterior invasion mode", "village construction expansion model", "road traffic occupation mode" and" comprehensive development model". As an effort to enrich and deepen the researches on traditional villages from ecological perspective, we provide an important reference for the protection and planning of traditional villages.