基于GRA和TOPSIS模型的都市郊区乡村景观多功能定位

乡村景观功能具有明显的时空异质性。随着中国城镇化、工业化和农业现代化的快速推进,乡村景观功能分异化和多样化不断增强,景观多功能发展趋势明显,对其科学定位成为新的学术热点。以上海市城郊青浦区为例,利用2004-2014年的基础数据,采用多维评价模型、灰色关联分析和逼近理想解的排序法,以“乡村景观多功能性定位—主副功能定位—障碍功能定位”的景观多功能综合定位方式,实现对该区乡村景观多功能科学定位。结果表明：① 乡村景观多功能定位作为区域功能确定的有限方案多目标最优决策,应遵循最优决策法则;② 景观多功能综合定位方法能对该区乡村景观多功能科学定位,适用性较好;③ 该区乡村景观多功能复合显著,乡村景观多功能性东西差异明显、极值区域凸显且呈现集聚状态,主副功能和主副障碍功能空间异质性强且功能间依存度高;其中,乡村景观多功能性最大值区域为赵巷镇和朱家角镇,其值分别为3.44和3.02,低值区域为金泽镇和徐泾镇,其值分别为1.48和1.45;11个乡镇的主导功能和副功能均差为0.007,主副障碍功能均差为0.005。该研究以期为将来开展乡村景观规划与景观管理研究提供科学依据。

Multifunction orientation of rural landscape in metropolitan suburbs based on GRA and TOPSIS models

Rural landscape function exhibits significant spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability. With the rapid technological development, urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural modernization in China, diversity and differentiation of rural landscape functions are constantly enhanced, and multifunction of rural landscape development trend is considerable. Scientific orientation to multifunctional rural landscape has attracted considerable academic interest. Using the basic data from 2004 to 2014, multidimensional evaluation model, the TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution), GRA (grey correlation analysis), and the multifunctional integrated positioning method of "rural landscape multifunctionality orientation-leading and secondary function orientation-obstacle function orientation" are employed to evaluate the scientific orientation of the rural landscape function in Qingpu district in Shanghai Municipality. Results are showm as follows. (1) The multifunction orientation of the rural landscape is the regional function of the limited multi-objective decision making, which should follow the optimal decision rules. (2) The multifunction integrated positioning method can accurately orientate the multiple functions of rural landscape. (3) The multiple functions of rural landscape are more complex; multifunctionality of rural landscape is different from east to the west; regions with high values are highlighted, which present the state of aggregation; leading and secondary functions as well as leading and secondary obstacle functions of the spatial heterogeneity of the rural landscape are remarkable; and the dependence degree between functions is high. Zhaoxiang and Zhujiajiao exhibit the maximum values for areas of multifunctionality of the rural landscape (3.44 and 3.02, respectively), while Jinze and Xujing present the minimum values (1.48 and 1.45, respectively). In the 11 towns in Qingpu District, the deviation of the leading and secondary functions of rural landscape is 0.007, while that of the leading and secondary obstacle functions of rural landscape is 0.005. This study provides a scientific basis for rural landscape planning and landscape management.