中国资源环境基础的空间结构特征分析

资源环境既是人类诞生与发展的物质基础,也是人类文明发育与成长的物质平台。作为世界上文明发育最早和人口最多的发展中国家,中国的长期实践再次证明了这一点。资源环境要素综合与地理开发条件的集成分析表明：① 中国的资源环境本底及其开发条件总体上决定了国家人文活动的空间结构基本特征是由沿东南—西北走向的适宜、较适宜和不适宜大规模开发的三大区域组成;② 决定上述三大区域格局的关键不仅在于资源环境本底特征的差异,更在于地理开发条件的优劣;③ 这一资源环境基础的结构框架始终决定着国家人文活动空间格局的主体走向,无论是在农耕文明时期,还是在工业文明时期,国家人文活动空间的总体格局依然没有跨出资源环境要素构成及其开发条件所设定的门槛。

The spatial pattern of resources-environmental base in China

Resources and environment have not only provided material for the birth and survival of mankind, but also shaped the growth and development of human civilization. No matter how developed the world will become, exploitation degree and possession level of natural resources and environment are the basic premise of the national and regional socio-economic development. This is in particular true for China as only one of the ancient civilized nations without interruption and the most populous developing country today in the world. As the world's second largest economy, China's future sustainable development requires not only an innovative growth capital and technology, but also a secure and stable resources-environmental base. Drawing on an integrated factor analysis of resources and environment combined with geographical conditions for development, the paper shows that: First, resources-environmental base levels and development conditions of the country are the primary factors in determining the overall spatial pattern of human activities, which is made up by three major regions from the southeast to the northwest, respectively, as the appropriate, relatively appropriate and not suitable regions for large-scale development. And these three major regions show a pyramid structure of national natural ecosystem overall development. Second, such a spatial pattern has formed not only as a result of differentiated resources and environment background levels but also the geographical conditions for development of the regions. From the long-term practice of human activities, the geographical conditions are even more important. Finally, the national human activities have not ever crossed the threshold set by the resources and environmental factors and geographical conditions together, whether the country has been in the age of agricaltural or industrialization. With China's modernization transforming to ecological civilization, re-examining the mode of resource-environment exploitation and exploring a more scientific and rational development model for different major regions are essential to human-land coordination and long-term stability. Apparently, the maximum mitigation and containment of tension of national human-land relationship should be the long-term objectives and tasks for China's future sustainable development, with a better understanding of the pattern of resources-environmental base. With the scientific and technological innovation and effective management of resources-environmental base, China should change the production mode from tradition mode dominated by inputs of resource-environment to a new way dominated by inputs of human intelligence.