制度演化与区域经济弹性——两个资源枯竭型城市的比较

区域经济弹性是后危机时代经济地理学一个热门研究议题。已有研究侧重于将区域经济弹性概念化成区域经济体在受到冲击或干扰后所表现出来的一种应对能力和手段,但缺乏动态演化观。基于制度演化视角,将区域经济弹性概念化成一种制度演化过程,并根据制度演化的不同模式（如层叠、转化和替代等）,提出了一种分析和理解区域经济弹性差异的方法。该方法将被应用到中国两个典型资源枯竭型城市（山东枣庄和辽宁阜新）的经济弹性比较分析中。通过关注2000年后两地新产业的诞生过程和机理,结果显示：枣庄的经济弹性同制度良性层叠和转化这两种模式密切相关,这两种模式有利于促进区域产业更新和多样化;然而,阜新的经济弹性则表现出一种对原有制度的不断厚化过程,使得在产业上体现了较强的路径持续和拓展性。制度演化视角能结合区域经济弹性的过程、能力和结果这三个方面,有助于提升区域经济弹性的理论和实证研究。

Institutional evolution and regional economic resilience: A comparison of two resource-exhausted cities in China

The existing literature on economic resilience of cities and regions shows that attention has been mainly paid to its characterization as capabilities and outcomes, while little research has been conducted on it as processes. This paper aims to address this knowledge gap. Drawing upon institutional change theories, this paper proposes an approach, and tries to explain how different modes of the institutional change affect industrial evolution and thus generate divergent resilience of cities. The approach is applied to the two case studies of Chinese mining cities, namely Zaozhuang in Shandong province and Fuxin in Liaoning province, which are both faced with resource depletion since 2000. By focusing on the ways in which new industries emerge, the empirical investigation illustrates that Zaozhuang's resilience involves positive layering and conversion that have enabled industrial renewal and diversification, whereas Fuxin's resilience unfolds with institutional thickening, characterized by industrial adjustment with strong effects of path persistence and extension. This study suggests that the institutional change approach can better update the understanding of regional resilience by incorporating processes, capabilities and outcomes.