尺度对人口地图空间分异规律认知的影响

人口地图是人们认知人口分布规律的重要工具,而不同尺度的人口地图造成了读图者对于人口空间分布规律的认知差异。本文通过眼动跟踪的省、县（市）不同尺度下人口地图认知实验,选取注视点数、注视时间、正确个数等眼动参数,进行差异性显著检验,并结合热点透视图,从空间分异规律的角度进行分析。结果表明,不同尺度的人口地图对于读图者的认知影响显著,读图者对人口空间分布特征及人口数量进行认知时,县（市）级尺度人口地图提供了更丰富、直观的空间分布信息,利于读图者对于人口空间分异规律的把握,平均注视点数更小,平均注视时间更短,每道题回答正确的被试个数更多,认知效率更高。本研究揭示了尺度对人口地图的认知影响规律,为多尺度人口地图制图设计与表达提供理论实验参考。

Influence of Scale on Cognition of Spatial Differentiation Regularities of Population Maps

While population maps are important tools for people to perceive the regularities of population distribution, different scales of population maps cause map readers' cognitive difference in the regularities of spatial distribution of population. In this paper, eye movement parameters such as number of fixations, fixation duration and number of correct answers were selected in the population map cognitive experiment by eye movement tracking to test the significance of the difference, and the results were analyzed from the perspective of spatial differentiation regularities. By exploring the influence of different scales including province and county (city) on map readers' cognition of the distribution regularities of population, it is concluded that different scales of population maps have a significant impact on readers' perception based on the significant difference analysis. When perceiving the characteristics of spatial distribution of population and the population quantity, more details and information are provided by county (city)-scale population maps, which is beneficial to readers' understanding of the spatial differentiation regularities of population, with less average number of fixations, shorter average fixation duration, more correct number of answers for each question and higher cognitive efficiency. The impact of scale on the cognition of the population spatial distribution and the population size was discussed. The acquired cognitive rules of the scale can be used in designing the demographic maps and shortening readers' cognition time, which is convenient for readers to extract valid information from the demographic maps, thus to improve the map usability. Besides, through the analysis of eye movement parameters like the fixations points, fixation time and number of correct answers, as well as the significance test, quantitative researches of the scale effects on the population distribution were carried out. The perspective drawing of the fixations hotspot can be used to visualize the cognitive spatial differentiation of the readers. And the results are no longer limited to the simple qualitative expression, which is of great significance for the use of different scales of demographic maps to express population distribution characteristics and regularities. In addition to adopting the hierarchical mapping method to draw the population maps, this thesis also has conducted experiments on the readers' cognition of the spatial distribution regularities of population with different population density maps at different scales. Since it can reflect the population distribution more precisely and more visually, the results of this research may be further improved. And in the further work, the above population map needs further studying.