湖南省传统聚落景观基因组图谱的空间形态与结构特征

传统聚落保有显著的价值,深入开展相关研究有利于促进经济社会的可持续发展和新型城镇化战略的实施。结合传统聚落景观基因组图谱,本文探讨了湖南省传统聚落景观的空间形态与结构特征。首先,根据传统聚落景观基因组的空间排列特征将湖南省传统聚落的空间形态归结为向心圆环式、扇形扩张式、多向扩张式、条带式、离散式和组团式等5种基本类型,并进一步归纳了各种形态类型的特征。其次,运用空间句法理论,通过构建传统聚落景观基因组的空间轴线模型,系统地剖析了湖南省传统聚落景观的空间结构特征,发现湖南省传统聚落的空间结构具有对称和平行等鲜明的几何特征,存在着“界域”和“街—巷—码头”等典型结构,还具有典型的风水意象特征。因此,结合传统聚落景观基因组图谱从地理学的视角揭示传统聚落的地学特征,有利于完善传统聚落景观基因理论,深化对传统聚落的认识,促进相关保护工作。

The forms and structures of traditional landscape genome maps: A case study of Hunan Province

A huge number of traditional settlements in China represent their outstanding values in such fields as economy, society, and culture. It is notable that researches on traditional settlements will help to promote the sustainable developments of economy and society currently. Lately, a new tide of research on the traditional settlements, stimulated by the new urbanizing strategy, is arising across the entire country. This paper mainly focuses on the methods in deriving the spatial forms and structural patterns in the traditional settlement landscape genome maps (TSLGM) by case studies of Hunan Province (located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Dongting Lake in China). Firstly, this work defines these five types as centralized-circular rings, pie-extensions, multiple-direction extensions, belt, discrete distribution, and blocks, respectively. The five basic spatial form types are spatially driven by their pertinent landscape genes' spatial sequences of the genome by map analysis. Mathematic features of the form types are derived by their structural details and related properties. Secondly, the mathematic features are further used to help draw the spatial structures of the Hunan Province's traditional settlements incorporated with the related landscape genomes by the supporting-field from the Spatial Syntax Theory. Deep comparisons of different spatial structured cases prove that the mainstream spatial structures of Hunan Province's traditional settlements are symmetry, boundary, street-alley-port, parallel, geomancy image, respectively. It is shown that the spatial morphology properties of the traditional settlements derived by TSLGM are helpful in improving the traditional settlement landscape gene theory, refining the understanding values of traditional settlements and forwarding the preservation progresses on the traditional settlements. More importantly, this work confirms that TSLGM is a very promising method in mining the geographical features from the traditional settlements and establishing the regionalization framework across the whole country.