土地利用生态服务价值与经济发展的协调及空间分异——以西洞庭湖区为例

土地利用生态服务价值体现了土地通过集约利用与空间优化所发挥生态效益的大小,可在一定程度上反映土地利用与与经济发展的协调关系。以西洞庭湖区为研究对象,在ArcGIS软件支持下,通过评价与分析生态服务价值变化,分析生态经济协调发展水平及其空间差异,探讨土地利用生态服务价值与区域经济发展的互动响应与耦合协调关系。研究表明：① 2000年以来西洞庭湖区土地利用生态服务价值呈下降趋势,2000年西洞庭湖区生态服务价值为1292.13×10⁶元·a^-1,2011年为953.03×10⁶元·a^-1,损失339.10×10⁶元。② 从整个研究区来看,整个研究阶段处于低度冲突的县有6个,分别为常德市辖区、安乡县、汉寿县、澧县、临澧县、津市市,只有桃源县处于潜在危机状态。从数量上看,整个区域内大多为冲突状态,区域在经济发展中存在的潜在危机较大。③ 从空间分异来看,2008年与2011年土地利用生态经济协调度基本上为低度冲突状态,需采取生态服务供给恢复与重建措施,控制生态服务消费需求的过快增长。整个区域只有桃源县与汉寿县由不协调转换为协调状态,主要原因是森林覆盖率相对较高,林地类型面积大,水土保持与水源涵养生态服务功能较强,提高了生态服务价值。

Spatial differentiation and coupling effect between land ecosystem services value and economic development: A case study of West Dongting Lake area

The ecosystem service value, which is an effective tool to measure the ecosystem services, to a certain extent, reflects the relation between land use and social economic system by changing the value of regional ecosystem services. Spatial analysis of West Dongting Lake region based on massive vector and raster data were made with the aid of ArcGIS 10. Eco-economic regulation mechanism was studied by constructing the ecological economic coordination index and analyzing the characters of spatial differentiation of eco-economic harmony degrees between land the ecosystem service and economic development. The results are shown as follows: (1) The ecosystem service value of West Dongting Lake area decreased from 1292.13×10⁶ yuan in 2000 to 953.03×10⁶ yuan in 2011, a reduction of 339.10×10⁶ yuan. (2) In the whole study area except Taoyuan, 6 counties have low intensity conflict in the whole research period, which are Changde, Anxiang, Hanshou, Lixian, Linli and Jinshi. All this shows that there are conflicts and the potential crisis between the economic and social development. (3) In terms of spatial differentiation, the ecological economic coordination of land use from 2000 to 2008 and 2008 to 2011 is basically a state of low intensity conflict, and that from 2008 to 2011 was a potential crisis in space. It is necessary to take measures in ecological service recovery and reconstruction and control the rapid growth of the consumption demand of ecological services.