新疆伊犁河谷新垦区生态需水对土地利用变化的响应

利用新疆伊犁河谷新垦区1985年、2000年和2008年3期土地利用数据,分析了1985-2008年间土地利用变化情况,并利用土地利用类型生态面积及生态用水定额资料,剖析了新垦区24 a来生态需水对土地利用变化的响应。研究结果表明:①24 a间,伊犁河谷新垦区土地利用发生了明显的变化,在耕地扩张的同时,维持生态稳定的草地急剧减少,表征生态退化的盐碱地和沙地呈快速增加趋势;②研究时期内,新垦区生态需水量增加了2.811亿m3,各地类对其影响程度存在差异,其中旱地、水田和水域对其影响最为显著。③新垦区农业开发程度较高,耕地已经成为主要土地利用类型,其生态需水量一直占据首位,致使人工生态需水量远高于天然生态需水量。

Response of Ecological Water Requirement to Land Use Change in the Newly Reclaimed Area of Ili River Basin in Xinjiang

Based on land use data of three periods in the newly reclaimed area of Ili River Basin in Xinjiang in 1985,2000 and 2008,the characteristics of land use change from 1985 to 2008 were analyzed,and response of ecological water requirement to land use change in the last 24 years was also analyzed by using land use data and ecological water requirement quota in the newly reclaimed area.Results were as follows:(1) Land use change took place obviously in the newly reclaimed area during the 24 years,and grasslands reduced sharply with expansion of cultivated land,meanwhile saline land and sandy land which could characterize ecological degradation showed rapidly increasing trend.(2) During the study period,ecological water requirement increased 2.811×108 m3 in the newly reclaimed area,and influences of land types on ecological water requirement were different,of which dry land,paddy field and waters showed the most significant influences on ecological water requirement.(3) Because of the higher agriculture development degree,cultivated land became the main land use type,so its ecological water requirement was the most all the time,which led to the result that the artificial ecosystem water requirement was far higher than the natural ecosystem requirement.