天山北坡经济带“组团”点轴城镇空间结构研究

以1990-2007年天山北坡城镇GDP、土地、人口、交通数据为资料,根据城镇空间分布“最近邻点指数”理论,空间相互作用和分形理论,分析了天山北坡城镇空间分布特征,构建了绿洲城镇相互作用强度判断模型,提出并论证了“组团”点-轴空间结构模式优越性。研究发现:①天山北坡经济带城镇人口规模和经济规模在空间结构呈现3个城镇高密集区,两个城镇稀疏区特征;②传统绿洲城镇空间结构下,城镇接受中心城市辐射差异很大,不利于城镇整体发展；③以“乌鲁木齐都市圈”为点的“组团”点-轴空间结构模式,有利于中心组团城镇对其他城镇的辐射;④以“５组团”为点的点-轴模式有利于组团之间的相互作用,有利于城镇发展;⑤天山北坡经济带向伊犁河谷延伸有利于中心组团城镇对其他组团城镇的辐射。

Spatial Structure of Point-axis City Groups on Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountains

Using data of GDP,land,population and communication in northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains during 1990—2007,we analyzed the characteristics of urban spatial distribution,and built estimation model of interaction intensity between oasis cities as well as demonstrated the superiority of city groups point-axis spatial pattern in the region on the basis of nearest neighbor index theory of urban spatial distribution,space interaction and fractal geometry theory.Results show that:(1) Spatial structure of urban population size and economic size in the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain show a spatial pattern of 3 urban concentrated areas and 2 urban scattered areas.(2) There are large differences in each city’s acceptance of radiation from central city in the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains because of the traditional spatial structure of oasis cities which is not very beneficial to the development of whole urban system.(3) The point-axis spatial group pattern which takes Urumqi metropolitan area as the development point is of benefit to the radiation of central group urban area to other urban area.(4) The point-axis spatial group pattern which takes "5 groups" as the development point has advantages to interactions between each groups,and urban development as well.(5) The extension of the Northern Slope Economic Belt of Tianshan Mountains to Yili valley is of benefit to the radiation of central group urban area to other urban area.