盆地多尺度构造驱动的流体-岩石作用及成储效应

以往的流体-岩石作用研究，主要针对中小尺度的非构造应变机制，制约了盆地中大尺度客观规律的认识.从盆地形成演化动力学视角，梳理了盆地尺度构造驱动的流体-岩石作用的概念模型或工作模式，并结合典型实例，解析和讨论了构造-流体-岩石作用的关键过程、控制要素以及成储效应.对比研究表明，构造驱动的碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩的流体-岩石作用，无论类型、强度和分布均存在显著不同.对于碳酸盐岩储层，即便是弱应变阶段，与微裂缝有关的扩溶及充填-胶结作用在构造圈闭范围内也具有普遍意义.反观碎屑岩（砂岩），弱应变阶段发育了特征的变形条带及其构造成岩演变序列；而强应变将可能导致深层碎屑岩（微）裂缝及其相关构造-流体-岩石作用的发育，并可能在相当程度上改善储集性.研究表明，流体介质压力环境的强烈更变、应力/应变改造岩矿稳定性、以及流体-岩矿反应界面和空间的快速/强烈更变，是构造驱动流体-岩石作用研究的关键. 

Fluid-Rock Interactions and Reservoir Formation Driven by Multiscale Structural Deformation in Basin Evolution

Fluid-rock interactions in sedimentary basins have been focused on the non-structural genetic mechanisms on medium and small scales in most papers published, which has constrained the understanding of the objective laws on basin-scale. The conceptual models or working modes of fluid-rock interactions driven by structural deformation (FRIDSD) in sedimentary basin evolution are presented in this paper. Conbined with the typical cases on carbonate and clastic reservoirs studied, key processes, control factors and reservoir-forming effects of FRIDSD are analysed and discussed. It is indicated that there are significant differences of FRIDSD between carbonates and sandstones in the type, intensity and distribution, exist between carbonates and sandstones. For carbonate reservoirs, it cannot be neglected that, even in weak structural deformation, dissolution and filling-cementation of carbonates related to a lot of microcracks also develop over structural traps. On the other hand, for clastic (sandstone) reservoirs, diagnostic deformation bands and their related structural diagenesis, with few microcracks, develop in weak structural deformation. However, intensive structural deformation most probably makes more (micro-) cracks and promotes FRIDSD in sandstones, which may also improve the deep-buried reservoir property to a certain extent. It is pointed out that key problems of FRIDSD mainly include intensive change of fluid pressure, petrological-mineral stabilities modified by strain, intensive/rapid change of reactive surface and volume on fluid-rock interactions.