沉积学发展及油气勘探领域热点问题概述

沉积学发展经历了萌芽与初步形成、沉积岩石学到沉积学、沉积学全面发展3个阶段.研究范畴从微观到宏观,从沉积岩的岩类学特征深入至成因探讨,从岩石观察到对沉积相的解释.层序地层学、地震沉积学是沉积学定性到定量化研究的开端,地球化学、数值模拟和实验技术是实现定量化的有效途径.总结了当前油气勘探领域中沉积学的热点问题,如地震沉积学的理论研究和实际应用,深水沉积的识别,白云岩的成因,浅水三角洲在油气勘探开发中的发展前景,旋回地层学及全球变化沉积学的发展与挑战等,为新的理论方法和技术手段的进一步完善提供基础信息.

OVERVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF SEDIMENTOLOGY AND HOT ISSUES IN OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION

The development of sedimentology has experienced three stages：germination and initial formation,transition from sedimentary petrology to sedimentology and all-round development.The research field developed from microscopic to macroscopic,from petrographic features of sedimentary rocks further into its genesis,from observation of rocks to explanation of sedimentary facies.With sequence stratigraphy and seismic sedimentology as the beginning of qualitative to quantitative study,geochemistry,digital simulation and experimental techniques provide effective methods for its realization.Hot issues related to sedimentology in present oil and gas exploration field are summarized in this paper,such as theoretical research and practical application of seismic sedimentology,identification of deep-water deposition,genesis of dolomite,development prospect of shallow-water deltas in oil and gas exploration,development and challenge for cyclostratigraphy and global change sedimentology,etc.which provide basic information for further development of new theoretical methods and techniques in sedimentology.