森林碳蓄积量估算方法及其应用分析

近些年来,森林锐减、土地退化、环境污染、生物多样性丧失,特别是人类活动产生的C0₂浓度急剧上升和由此导致的温室效应等是目前人类面临最严峻的全球环境变化问题,所以全球碳循环问题日益成为全球变化与地球科学研究领域的前沿与热点问题,其中陆地生态系统碳循环又是全球碳循环中最复杂、受人类活动影响最大的部分。而森林生物量占整个陆地生态系统生物量的90%,因此,为了正确评估森林在全球碳平衡中的作用,了解森林生态系统在碳循环中的作用,森林的碳动态研究正日益成为人们关注的重点。本文总结了估算森林固碳量的几种方法--样地清查法、模型模拟法和遥感估算法,分析了它们的特点及应用等有关问题。

Summary of Estimation Methods of Carbon Storage in Forests

Recently,serious forest decreasing,land degradation,environmental pollution,biodiversity losing,especially carbon dioxide concentration increasing and greenhouse effect have become the most crucial global environmental change problems. The concentration of the atmospheric CO2,one of the most important greenhouse gases,witnessed an increasing process since the beginning of industrialization,it increased from its pre-industrial value of 280 ppmv to its present value of 366 ppmv. It has been proved that human activities,including fossil fuel burning,cement production,and land-use change,have severely disrupted the model of the carbon cycle,thereby altering the climate system and affecting the processes and mechanisms in terrestrial ecosystems. Understanding the consequences of these changes in the coming decades is critical for the formulation of political,economic,energy,and security policies. Thus carbon cycle study in global scale has attaracted more and more attention currently. Forest biomass storage approximates 90% of the biomass in terrestrial ecosystems. To assess precisely the role forest playing in global carbon and understand the role forest ecology system playing in carbon cycle,an increasingly effort has been made worldwide to study the carbon dynamic more accurately. In this paper,several methods to estimate the carbon stored in forests were discussed. They are forest sample site inventory method,model modeling method and remote sensing method. The existing problems of using these methods are analyzed. Moreover,some problems unsettled in carbon cycle and development tendency are specified concisely.