气候变化对天山北坡奎屯河高山区地表径流的影响

采用奎屯河流域的乌苏、沙湾气象站1960—2009年50 a来的气温、降水量资料和奎屯河将军庙水文站的降水量、径流量资料,分析了气温、降水、冰川等变化对奎屯河出山口地表径流的影响.结果表明:将军庙水文站年降水变化与径流量呈显著正相关;尽管气温呈上升趋势,但年径流与平原地区和出山口的气温相关不很密切,气温可通过影响蒸发增加山区消耗水量,减少径流.然而,气温变暖会加剧冰雪消融,使冰川退缩变薄,特别是消耗冰川积累量来增加河川径流.在奎屯河出山口地表年径流量中,与20世纪80年代相比,冰川径流增加了5.7%,多年平均情况下消耗冰川积累的融水径流约占冰川径流的30%.同时,随气候变化的极值化,要注意高山地区降水减少和汛期气温降低引起河川径流减少,降水、气温高值引起的年径流增大与洪水危害,以及引起河川径流的年际变幅增大,并对水利工程造成的影响.有关气候变化对河川径流定量预测有待今后进一步探讨.

Impact of Climate Change on the Surface Runoff in the Kuytun River Basin on the North Slope of Tianshan Mountains

Base on the meteorological observation data of temperature and precipitation at Usu and Shawan stations from 1960 to 2009 and precipitation and runoff data at Jiangjunmiao Hydrological Station of Kuytun River,the impacts of temperature,precipitation and glacier change on surface runoff are analyzed.Furthermore,the variation cause was discussed.It is found that precipitation and runoff at Jiangjunmiao Station were significant positive correlated,although the temperature is warming.However,the annual mean run...