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Phase equilibria of several tungsten deposits in southern China
Authors:Chuanxian Lin  Zheru Zhang  D M Burt
Institution:1. Institute of Geochemistry, Academia Sinica, China
2. Dept. of Geology, State Arizona, Univ. USA, USA
Abstract:This paper reviews the features of several tungsten ore deposits in southern China, including the Shizhuyuan, Yaogangxian, Xihuashan, Dangping, Piaotang and Dajishan mines. The authors think that the formation depth of the greisen-type deposits is intermediate between the pegmatite-and porphyry-type deposits. Using phase diagrams of the model system K2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-HF, the formation mechanism of greisens has been argued. The variation of mineral assemblages from K-feldspar, muscovite to topaz reflects a gradual increase in acidity. This variation can be used as a criterion to appreciate the depth of mineralization. Phase equilibria of tungsten minerals in grcisen and skarn deposits can be depicted on chemical potential diagrams of the model system CaO-FeO-WO3-CO2-F2O?1. The assemblage wolframite + fluorite is shown to have ben transformed to scheelite + magnetite with decreasingμ HF. Depending on CO2 activity in the fluids, there are two distinct phase diagrams. One shaws that wolframite is incompatible with calcite, and the other demonstrates that scheelite is incompatible with rhodochrosite. On the phase diagrams of the model system FeO-MnO-WO3-F2S?1, huebnerite is transformed to ferberite with increasingμF2O?1 orμF2S?1. During the replacement of wolframite by scheelite, the wolframite residue must have been enriched in Mn.
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