Sinks and the Kyoto Protocol |
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| Affiliation: | 1. International Research Institute for Climate and Society, The Earth Institute at Columbia University, 61 Rout 9 W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA;2. Foods and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Viale delleTerme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy;3. NCAR Research Applications Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, PO Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307-3000, United States;1. Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Unit, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands;2. Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;3. Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy;4. Department of Cardiac Surgery, Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy;5. Cardiac Surgery Unit, Lancisi Cardiovascular Center, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy;6. Cardiac Surgery Department, University Heart Center of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;7. Cardiac Surgery Unit, Ospedale Fatenefratelli Sacco, Milano, Italy;8. Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Unit of Cardiac Surgery, V Monaldi Hospital, Italy;9. Cardiac Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy;10. Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological, and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy;11. Cardiac Surgery Unit, Poliambulanza Foundation Hospital, Brescia, Italy;12. Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Ryiadh, Saudi Arabia;13. Pasquinucci Heart Hospital, G. Monasterio Foundation, Massa, Italy;14. Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel;2. Infectious Diseases Section, Medicine Department, Communicable Diseases Centre, HMC, Doha, Qatar;3. Acute Care Surgery Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar;4. Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar;5. Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Deliberate land management actions that enhance the uptake of CO2 or reduce its emissions have the potential to remove a significant amount of CO2 from the atmosphere over the next three decades. The quantities involved are large enough to satisfy a substantial portion of the Kyoto Protocol commitments for many countries, but are not large enough to stabilise atmospheric concentrations without also implementing major reductions in fossil fuel emissions. ‘Sinks’ can be deployed relatively rapidly at moderate cost and thus could play a useful bridging role while new energy technologies are developed.There is no difference in climatological effect between CO2 taken up by the land and CO2 reductions due to other causes. There are potential regulatory differences, related to the security with which the CO2 is held and to the accuracy with which it can be measured and verified. A variety of policy approaches are available to address these differences. |
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