基于生态功能的河流等级划分及应用——以浙江省河流为例

河流等级划分是认识河流规律的一项基础性工作,对河流的治理和保护管理具有现实意义。现有的河流等级划分难以反映河流的时空特性,有的人为影响较大,有的不具备河流地貌特征,有的仅具备物理特征,有的仅方便行政管理。本研究基于河流连续体概念,综合了河流的物理、生物特征,引用北美新近提出的"基于生态功能的河流等级划分",阐明了对浙江省河流进行基于生态功能的等级划分意义。从流域尺度上构建了浙江省河流的等级层次结构,分析了浙江省河流各等级层次的物理特征和生态特征的共性和差异,明确了河流各等级层次的生态保护目标和相关对策。以钱塘江流域为例,对其进行了详细的等级划分,探讨了基于生态功能的河流等级划分在确定浙江省河流生态需水的作用及应用前景,并明确了在人类活动影响下,浙江省水行政管理机构在河流等级层次的相关管理范围和内容。

The river hierarchical classification based on ecological function: A case of Zhejiang Province

The river hierarchical classification is the basic work for the research of river rules, which is meaningful to the river regulation and management. The existing river hierarchical classification cannot reflect the space-time characteristics of rivers. Some is is greatly affected by mankind, some do not have the geomorphic feature, some has only physical property, and some is only convenient for administrative management. Based on river continuum concept, the definition of the river hierarchical classification based on ecological function from North America is referenced in this paper, with both the physical property and biologic character being integrated. The meaning of river hierarchical classification on ecological function in Zhejiang Province is discussed in this paper. Not only the framework of river hierarchical classification with water basin scale for rivers in Zhejiang Province is completed, but also the commonness and difference between the physical property and ecological character in each hierarchical framework are analyzed in this paper. The goal and suggestion of ecological protection for each hierarchical framework in river are put forward. Then the Qiantang River as an example is constructed with the river hierarchical framework in details. Furthermore, the discussion is shown about the effect and foreground of the river hierarchical classification based on ecological function for ecological water demand of rivers. The area and content of management of the water resource administrative department in Zhejiang Province is confined for each hierarchical framework due to human activity.