古村落旅游客流时间分布特征及其影响因素研究——以世界文化遗产西递、宏村为例

古村落作为传统文化旅游地,旅游发展势头迅猛,关于古村落旅游学研究成果国内尚不多见。在实地调研基础上,以世界文化遗产西递、宏村为例,总结古村落旅游客流时间分布特征:客流增长迅速;客流季节性差异明显,呈现"三峰三谷"型波动;一般性周内客流为斜"Z"分布,黄金周客流呈"井喷"式,客流周内分布不均;客流日内呈双峰型分布,时客流分布集中。从事件、社会因素、自然环境因素、黄山辐射效应、管理体制及经营管理水平等方面,展开客流时间变化影响因素分析。讨论不断攀升的客流给古村落所带来的负面影响。

Temporal Characteristics of Tourist Flows to Ancient Villages--A Case Study of Two World Cultural Heritages, Xidi Village and Hongcun Village

As traditional cultural destination, ancient villages have been paid more attention for a swift and violent development. But the achievements about the tourism study of the ancient villages are rare and its theory in fact fall behind with the practice. Taking the world cultural heritage—Xidi Village and Hongcun Village—as an example, on the basis of a considerable on-the-spot survey, this paper summarizes the temporal characteristics of tourist flows to ancient villages as follows: (1) tourist flows increase rapidly; (2) seasonal differences of tourist flows are obvious with the shape of "3-peak-3-valley"; (3) tourist flow distribution is irregular and shaped as slanting "Z" within a week generally, while at peak weeks shaped as "blowout"; (4) tourist flows is shaped as "double-peak" within one day and temporal distribution of tourist flows is concentrated. Furthermore, the authors also discuss the influential factors, such as events, social factors, natural environmental factors, radiating effect of Mt. Huangshan, and management systems. Meanwhile, a preliminary comparison between ancient villages and other kinds of destinations has been brought up. At last the authors expound the impacts coming from the increasing tourist flows. The study contributes to promoting the thorough research on the tourism of ancient villages and providing scientific base of sustainable development of it.