浮式风力机若干特征动力学问题综述

总结浮式风力机类型及其对应的特征动力学问题，针对浮式风力机气动荷载、水动荷载的计算方法以及结构动力学、控制动力学典型问题进行论述。讨论了气动—水动—结构—伺服耦合分析的难点，重点分析了二阶波浪力、畸形波等非线性波浪荷载、流荷载及涡激运动对浮式风力机特征动力响应的影响。阐述了浮式风力机动力学研究的试验方法、数值仿真方法、样机测试方法，并对模型试验技术的相似理论、气动模型的实现和难点以及数值仿真的频域方法、时域方法和分析工具进行了归纳对比。研究表明：浮式风力机多场、多体耦合动力分析机理及相关技术仍不成熟，气动荷载、高阶非线性波浪荷载耦合模型的建立是动力学问题研究的重点，数值仿真及模型试验是浮式风力机动力响应研究的主要方法，样机测试技术的积累将促进设计标准的完善及浮式风电的产业化发展。

An overview of several dynamic characteristics of floating wind turbines

This comprehensive review delves into the various dynamic characteristics of floating wind turbines. It encompasses an exploration of calculation methods for aerodynamic and hydrodynamic loads, as well as common issues related to structural and control dynamics. The challenges associated with coupled analyses of aero-hydro-structure-servo systems are examined, along with an analysis of the impact of nonlinear wave loads, including second-order wave forces, freak waves, current loads, and vortex-induced motion, on the dynamic response of floating wind turbines. The review also presents diverse research methods employed to investigate the dynamic response of floating wind turbines, including test methods, numerical simulations, and prototype testing. Model test technology is discussed, covering topics such as similarity theory, the implementation and challenges of aerodynamic models, as well as numerical simulation methods utilized in floating wind turbine research, such as frequency domain methods, time domain methods, and analysis tools. A summary and comparison of these methods are provided. The research findings indicate that the mechanism of multi-field and multi-body coupled dynamic analyses for floating wind turbines and associated technologies is still nascent. Aerodynamic loads, high-order nonlinear wave loads, and the development of coupling models remain focal points in dynamics research. Numerical simulation and model testing serve as the primary methods for studying the dynamic response of floating wind turbines. The accumulation of prototype testing technology will facilitate the improvement of design standards and the industrialization of offshore floating wind power.