Direct measurements of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) over a fractured rock aquifer in Flamengo Bay Brazil |
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Authors: | Henry Bokuniewicz Makoto Taniguchi Tomotoshi Ishitoibi Matthew Charette Matthew Allen Evgeny A. Kontar |
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Affiliation: | 1. Marine Sciences Research Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA;2. Research Institute of Humanity and Nature, 335 Takashima-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-0878 Japan;3. Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemisty, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (MS #25), Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA;4. Experimental Methods Laboratory, P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, 36, Nakhimovskiy prospect, Moscow 117851, Russia |
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Abstract: | Measurements of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) along the South American coast and over fractured rock aquifers are rare. The rate and distribution of SGD was measured using three types of vented benthic chambers on the floor of Flamengo Bay located at the southeast coast of Brazil. Discharge rates were found up to almost 400 cm day−1, although typically less than 100 cm d−1. Large variations in SGD rates were seen over distances of a few meters which are attributed to the geomorphologic features of the fracture rock aquifer underlying a thin blanket of coastal sediments; clustering of fractures and the topography of the rock–sediment interface might be focusing or dispersing the discharge of groundwater. SGD was modulated by the tides with the highest values occurring at times of low tide, but the interaction was non-linear and, the correlation was weak at tidal ranges less than 1 m. The effect was masked by devices that integrated the SGD, but detected on continuously recording devices. |
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Keywords: | submarine groundwater fractured rock aquifer Brazil Ubatuba Flamengo Bay |
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