《水经注》中有关北京地理的科学思想

《水经注》是我国古代著名的地理学著作之一,作者郦道元是北魏时期范阳(涿州—北京)人,因此书中对北京附近的水系和地理情况进行了描述。书中称拒马河为巨马水、大石河为圣水、永定河为漯水、清水河为清夷水、温榆河为湿馀水、潮白河为鲍邱水、泃河为泃水,称永定河出山段为清泉河、流经北京城内的什刹海和中南海为高粱河。对家乡附近的地理进行了描述,称房山为大房岭、石景山为梁山,记录了昌平县、密云戍、平谷县等行政区域,记录了羊头埠(羊头岗)、马兰(马栏)、芹城(秦城)、独乐水(独乐河)、良乡、居庸关、盘山等地名。记录了中国最早的首都——涿鹿,记录了中国现代首都蓟城(北京)内曾有蓟丘,说明永定河沟通了古今首都。记录了北京最早的水利工程戾陵堰和车箱渠。

Beijing Geography in Notes on Book of Waterways

Notes on Book of Waterways was an ancient and classic book on Chinese geography. Li Daoyuan, the author of Notes on Book of Waterways, was a Fanyang’s native (current Zhuozhou or Beijing ) in the Northern Wei Dynasty. He described the drainage system and geography around Beijing. For example, the Book named the Juma River as Juma Water, the Dashi River as Sheng Water, the Yongding River as Lei Water, the Qingshui River as Qingyi Water, the Wenyu River as Shiyu Water, the Chaobai River as Baoqiu Water, the Ju River as Ju Water, the exits of the Yongding River as Qingquan River, the Shicha Hai and Zhongnan Hai in Beijing City as Gaoliang River. The Book also described the Fangshan as Dafangling, the Shijingshan as Liangshan, Changping County, Miyun County, Pinggu County, Yangtoufu, Malan, Qincheng, Dule Water, Liangxiang, Juyongguan and Panshan etc. The Book not only recorded Zhuolu(the earliest capital of China) and Jiqiu (modern Beijing), but also the Liling Weir and Chexiang Ditch( the earliest water conservancy project in Beijing).