北京市土地利用变化的空间分布特征

土地利用变化是全球变化中的重要组成部分 ,是短期内人类活动对自然环境施加影响的显著表现形式。本文基于遥感和地理信息系统技术 ,利用LandsatTM图像的解译成果 ,分析了北京市 1985～ 2 0 0 0年土地利用变化的空间分布特征。研究表明 ,在这 15年的时间里 ,北京市林地和城乡、工矿、居住用地的转移趋势明显 ,两者的转移率分别达到 4 0 78%和37 60 % ,主要以林地内部、林地向草地转移、居住用地的内部和工矿废弃地还林还草等类型为主。同时 ,各类土地利用类型的净变化呈现出明显的区域差异。

A study on the spatial distribution of land use change in Beijing

Land use change is a key component for global environment change, and a representation of the impact of human activities on physical environment Supported by the 1 km grid global database, IGBP, IHDP and other international organizations have implemented a series of researches including land cover dynamics, mechanism and global and regional models The 1 km grid data is an effective way of data integration, which can promote regional land use change monitoring, predication and driving forces analyses This paper, based on remote sensing,GIS and Landsat TM digital images, analyzed the structural features and spatial patterns of land use change in Beijing from 1985 to 2000 The primary findings show that conspicuous conversion, with a rate of 40 78% and 37 60% respectively, occurred for woodland and built up areas with internal conversion of woodland, conversion from woodland to grassland, internal conversion of built up areas and afforestation or grassland restoration in abandoned mining land as its main conversion categories At the same time, the net change of each kind of land use is characterized by conspicuous areal differentiation The decrease of dry land of central eastern and southern Beijing, 129,874 17 hm 2 in total, is dominant and conspicuous while that of northeastern by sparse distribution The increase of arable land, dominated by paddy field is sparsely distributed in northern and central western Beijing Forest area trends are enlarging in spatial distribution, especially in protection forest of Northeast, North and Northwest China and mountainous areas of southwestern Beijing The decreased area of grassland is almost 6 times of the increased. The former happened chiefly in mountainous areas while the latter in reused arable land or grassland areas For a long time series during 1985～2000, the trend of water body expansion obviously occurred in central western, southeastern mountainous areas and some reservoir areas of northern and eastern Beijing Above all, the most conspicuous feature of land use change in Beijing for the past 15 years is still urban expansion, undoubtedly affected by the macro social and economic conditions in China, which is densely distributed in central eastern and central southern Beijing and expanded around the downtown as well as around the towns of each county in Beijing These findings promote our understanding of land use change and contribute to the decision-making of local governments