武汉城市圈土地利用时空变化及政策驱动因素分析

武汉城市圈是全国首批“两型社会”改革试验区之一,而且是中部崛起战略和长江经济带发展战略的重点区域。为了正确认识武汉城市圈土地利用时空变化特征,以及政策因素对土地利用变化的影响,本文基于2000、2005、2010和2015年4期武汉城市圈土地利用现状数据,结合GIS空间分析、数理统计、单一土地利用动态度、土地利用转移矩阵和综合土地利用动态度方法,对武汉城市圈2000-2015年以及3个5年期土地利用变化的总体特征、转化方向和区域差异特征进行研究,并分析政策因素对土地利用变化的驱动作用。结果表明：① 总体特征上,2000-2015年耕地、草地、林地和未利用地面积持续减少,建设用地和水域面积不断增多。② 变化方向上,2000-2015年以耕地、林地转化为建设用地和水域为主要特征,2000-2005年以耕地向水域和建设用地转化为主,2005-2010年以耕地向建设用地、水域,林地向建设用地转化为主,2010-2015年以耕地、林地和水域向建设用地转化为主。③ 区域时空差异上,综合土地利用动态度最大的区域集中在武汉城市圈的中部;从单一土地利用动态度看,耕地主要分布在武汉城市圈周边地区;建设用地主要集中在武汉城市圈中部;水域集中在武汉城市圈的仙桃市;林地主要在潜江市、云梦县;草地主要为英山县。④ 政策驱动因素分析上,中部崛起、两型社会、长江经济带发展战略等政策对土地利用变化具有重要影响。

Analysis on Spatio-temporal Variation of Land Use and its Policy-Driven Factors inWuhan Metropolitan Area

Wuhan Metropolitan Area is one of the earliest comprehensive reform pilot area of resource-saving and environment-friendly society construction. It is also key areas of the Central China Development Strategy and the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Scientifically understanding temporal characteristics of land use change of Wuhan Metropolitan Area is of great significance for formulation and implementation of regional land use policy. Based on the land use data in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 of Wuhan Metropolitan Area combined with GIS spatial analysis, mathematical statistics, single land use dynamic degree, transfer matrix and integrated land use dynamic degree methods of land use, we studied the general characteristics of land use change, the direction of change and regional differences in characteristics of Wuhan Metropolitan Area during 2000 to 2015, and analyzed the policy-driven factors of land use change. The results showed that: (1) for the general characteristics, during 2000 to 2015, cultivated land, woodland, grassland and unused land was diminishing while residential land and water area was increasing. (2) For the changes in direction, during 2000 to 2015, cultivated land and forest land transformed to residential land and water was the main feature. During 2000 to 2005, farmland and residential land transformed to water was the main feature. During 2005 to 2010, cultivated land transformed to residential land, water and forest land transformed to residential land were the main feature. During 2010 to 2015, cultivated land, woodland, grassland and water transformed to residential land was the main feature. (3) For spatial and temporal differences at regional scale, the largest dynamic degree of integrated land use concentrated in the central area of Wuhan Metropolitan Area. From the aspect of dynamics degree of single land use, cultivated land was concentrated in surrounding areas of Wuhan Metropolitan Area. Residential land was mainly located in central region of Wuhan Metropolitan Area. Water was concentrated in Xiantao City of Wuhan Metropolitan Area. Woodland was mainly located in Qianjiang city, Yunmeng County. The grass was mainly located in Yingshan County. (4) For the analysis of policy-driven factors, reforestation, urbanization, the rise of the Central Plains, two-oriented society, the development strategy of Yangtze River economic belt and other policies have important implications on land use change.