1978-2015年东莞豪华酒店时空演变与制度重构

东莞豪华酒店作为社会文化地理现象备受学术界与理论界的关注。本文采用深度访谈和文本分析方法,援引制度与空间的相关理论,探讨东莞豪华酒店时空演变背后的制度根源,试图解释在国家与地方的制度环境下,显性正式与非正式制度、隐性正式与非正式制度是如何成为一种内在的力量影响东莞豪华酒店的时空演变。研究发现：① 在地方尺度下,东莞豪华酒店经历了酝酿期（1978-1993年）、投资和投机探索期（1994-1999年）、腾飞发展和扭曲变异糅合期（2000-2004年）3个阶段,分别呈现出制度推动空间发展、制度与空间磨合、空间反作用于制度重构3个不同的特征;② 在区域尺度下,东莞豪华酒店迎来平行和稳步建构期（2005-2012年）,体现出权力空间从东莞流向外围。空间变化暗示权力关系的变化,表明东莞豪华酒店从深层次影响制度重构已经迫在眉睫;③ 在国家尺度下,东莞豪华酒店进入自上而下的整顿和转型重构期（2013-2015年）,显性正式制度迫使空间行为选择进入理性阶段。研究完善了制度与空间关系的理论,提出空间的发展最终受制于显性正式制度,中间经历了空间尺度的转换,经历了各种显性与隐性、正式与非正式制度的博弈,最终回归到显性正式制度。空间演变是一个被制度化的过程,制度在空间权力关系中不断完善与变迁才能形成符合空间景观与空间形态规律的制度体系。

Institution and space: The luxury hotel of Dongguan in 1978-2015

Luxury hotels in Dongguan have received much attention in social and cultural geography. Building upon in-depth interview and discourse analysis, this paper employs a regulation-space perspective to explore the institutional initiative that underpins the spatial and temporal evolution of Dongguan's luxury hotels. The goal is to analyze how visible institutional frameworks and invisible rules work together to become an inner logic to shape the development of luxury hotels. This analysis is made in the national-local power nexus. The major research findings are threefolded. First, at the local scale, Dongguan's luxury hotels have undergone three stages of development: incubation (1978-1993), speculation (1994-1999), and taking-off and integration (2000-2004). Second, at the regional scale, the development of luxury hotels in Dongguan is stabilized during 2005 and 2012. More and more external investors have entered Dongguan and changed the power structure that regulates the luxury hotel sectors. Finally, at the national scale, luxury hotels face a top-down restructuring and have to adjust to a new market. Increasingly normalized formal regulations force luxury hotels in Dongguan into a rational stage of development. This paper furthers an understanding of the relation between regulation and space and emphasizes that spatial development of economic sectors are subjected to formal regulations. Spatial evolvement is an institutionalized process in which state regulations have to undertake constant adjustments in order to establish an institutional system conforming to the production of new space.