天津市面向震害快速评估的房屋和人口空间化研究*

以天津市的大比例尺房屋空间数据和第六次人口普查数据为基础,利用GIS空间分析功能,模拟了天津市房屋和人口空间分布,产出1km格网的房屋数据和分时段人口公里格网数据。经检验,模拟的房屋和人口数据达到了较高精度,能够较准确地表达行政单元内部的房屋和人口空间分布。将模拟结果应用到设定地震震害评估中,与基于平均密度法的评估结果对比,表明基于公里格网评估的结果更为合理,减少了由于房屋和人口分布不均匀造成的误差,能够为地震应急工作提供可靠的数据支撑。

Spatialization of Population and Housing Data in Tianjin Oriented to Rapid Earthquake Loss Assessment

Base on large scale housing data and the sixth national census data in Tianjin city,we simulated the spatial distribution of the houses and population in the support of GIS spatial analysis function,and obtained the 1km grid housing data and 1km grid population data in different time range.Through inspection,the result shows that the grid transformation of population data achieve preferable precision.The grid data can accurately reflect the actual distribution of population and houses in the district.The grid data was applied to scenario earthquake loss assessment,compared to the estimated result from average density,the estimated results based on the grid data have relatively higher credibility. The grid data can reduce errors caused by nonuniform distribution of houses and population,and provide more reliable data for earthquake emergency response.