A landslide database for Nicaragua: a tool for landslide-hazard management |
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Authors: | Graziella Devoli Wilfried Strauch Guillermo Chávez Kaare Høeg |
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Institution: | (1) International Centre for Geohazards, c/o Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, P.O. Box 3930, , Ullevaal Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway;(2) Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales, Dirección General de Geofísica, Apartado Postal 2110, , Managua, Nicaragua;(3) Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1047, , Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway |
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Abstract: | A digital landslide database has been created for Nicaragua to provide the scientific community and national authorities with
a tool for landslide-hazard assessment, emergency management, land-use planning, development of early warning systems, and
the implementation of public and private policies. The Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (Nicaraguan Geosciences
Institute, INETER) began to compile the database in a digital format in 2003 as part of a comprehensive geographical information
system for all types of geohazards. Landslide data have been obtained from a variety of sources including newspapers, technical
reports, and landslide inventory maps. Inventory maps are largely based on fieldwork and aerial-photo analyses conducted by
foreign development agencies in collaboration with INETER and other Nicaraguan institutions. This paper presents the sources
of landslide information, introduces the database, and presents the first analyses of the data at national and regional scales.
The database currently contains spatial information for about 17,000 landslides that occurred in mountainous and volcanic
terrains. Information is mainly recorded for the period 1826–2003, with a large number of events that occurred during the
disastrous Hurricane Mitch in October 1998. The oldest historical event is dated at 1570, some events are recorded as prehistorical,
and other events have unknown dates of occurrence. Debris flows have been the most common types of landslides, both in volcanic
and nonvolcanic areas, but other types, including rockfalls and slides, have also been identified. Intense and prolonged rainfall,
often associated with tropical cyclones, and seismic and volcanic activity represent the most important landslide triggers.
At a regional scale, the influence of topographic (elevation, slope angle, slope aspect) and lithologic parameters on the
occurrence of landslides was analyzed. The development of the database allowed us to define the state of knowledge on landslide
processes in the Nicaragua and to provide a preliminary identification of areas affected by landslides. |
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Keywords: | Landslides Landslide database Nicaragua |
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