青藏高原冰雪不溶微粒研究进展

不溶微粒是冰雪中重要的气候环境变化参数，通过冰雪中微粒记录研究气候环境变化是冰雪研究的一个重要方向。20世纪中后期对冰雪微粒的研究主要集中在南极和格陵兰，到20世纪末期时一些研究人员开始关注中纬度的冰雪微粒的研究，特别是青藏高原冰雪微粒的研究。到目前为止，共有4根冰芯（敦德冰芯、古里雅冰芯、达索普冰芯和慕士塔格冰芯）和数个雪坑开展了微粒研究。青藏高原冰雪微粒研究主要从微粒定年、微粒浓度、粒径分布、特殊事件的记录以及与可溶性离子的关系等方面进行了研究。主要回顾了从80年代末开始的青藏高原冰雪微粒研究的一些主要方法和主要成果并且展望了今后微粒重点研究的方向。

Advances in the Study of Insoluble Microparticle in Ice-Snow on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

The ice impurities are fractions of the atmospheric aerosol that have been deposited on the surface of the ice sheets via wet or dry deposition.In the study of ice core stratigraphy,insoluble microparticles are one of the components of ice impurities analyzed.Changes in impurity content of the ice core strata reflect change in atmospheric conditions of past climate.During the second half of the 20th century,scientists paid more attention to microparticle study in the polar ice,however many scientists started concern on the microparticel study on the Qinghai-Xizang plateau in the last ten years of the 20th century.As of now,there have been four ice cores and many snow samples that have been studied in microparticle on the Qinghai-Xizang plateau.The study is mainly focuses on calculating time by microparticle,microparticle concentration,size distribution,abrupt event record and relationship with soluble ions.This article reviews the methodologies and results of microparticle study on the Qinghai-Xizang plateau starting from last ten years of the 20th century,and some important tasks are also proposed,including(1) the studies of mineralogy and isotopic composition;(2) deposition process and post-deposition process;(3) the role in the microorganism research of ice-snow.