Horizontal and vertical cylinders in waves

The present investigation examines a vertical cylinder and a horizontal cylinder in progressive waves. The physical differences between the flows are explored and experimental results are compared to previous planar harmonic flow measurements. It is found that modifications to the usual Morison approach are required in some cases to adequately account for the orbital motions of the fluid and to account for the orientation of the orbits with respect to the cylinder axis. The axial variations of the wave force on vertical cylinders are considered in order to evaluate the common practice of assuming constant values of $\text{C}{}_{\mathrm{m}}\text{and}\text{C}{}_{\mathrm{D}}$ over the entire span. Lastly, the methods of computing force transfer coefficients from a force record are examined and several sources of error are identified and briefly discussed.