近50年云南省降雪的气候变化特征

利用云南省1961-2008年120个测站逐日降雪资料,分析了云南省降雪频次和范围的时空特征和气候变化.结果表明:近50年云南省的年降雪频次和范围总体呈减少趋势,平均每年频次约减少4.5频次.各月的降雪频次和范围都呈负趋势.12月降雪频次减少趋势最显著,4月降雪范围减少趋势最显著.降雪频次长期趋势变化有明显的空间变化.对于年降雪频次西北部比东北部和东部减少得多,滇西北降雪频次每年约减少0.44频次.进一步对云南省年降雪量和积雪深度的长期趋势变化进行分析.云南省近50年,降雪范围逐步减少,年降雪量和平均最大积雪深度呈增加的趋势.说明近年来在云南气候趋于暖湿背景下,年降雪频次和范围呈逐渐减少趋势,但强降雪的频次却增加了.

Climate Variational Characteristics of Snowfall in Yunnan Province for the Last 50 Years

Using the diurnal snow data of 120 meteorological stations in Yunnan Province during 1961-2008, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and the trend of climatic change of the annual and monthly snow fall are analyzed. It is pointed out that the total trend of snow frequency and covering stations has been decreasing in Yunnan in the recent 50 years. And the annual snow frequency has declined at a mean rate of 4.5 times per year. The temporal trends of monthly snow frequency and covering stations are all negative. Moreover the reduction of snow frequency in December is the largest in magnitude, therefore, it is the most remarkable. And the reduction of snow stations in April is the largest. As far as the spatial change of the secular trend variation of annual snow frequency is concerned, the reduction of annual snow frequency is larger in Northwest Yunnan than in its northeast and east, where the reduction rate is 0.44 times per year. And the temporal changes of annual snowfall and depth of snow cover are studied, the results show that the secular trends of annual snowfall and the maximum depth of snow cover are all positive. This means that in the nearly 50 years the heavy snow frequency has increased over Yunnan Province.