Quantifying Multipath Using MNR Ratios

The global positioning system (GPS) is used increasingly to control horizontal and vertical displacement of large civil constructions. The displacements can occur over varius time scales. For example, in case of the loading test of a bridge, the time span between measurements is on the order of 30 min. The achievable precision in the vertical component and its relation to residual multiplath effects become critically important in such aaplications. A multipath-to-noise ratio (MNR) on individual satellites is introduced to quantify the multipath effects. ? 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.