基于物联网的近海岸水质监测平台方案设计

近年来，海洋生态环境保护逐渐受到社会的重视，海洋环境监测活动与研究开展得越来越频繁。其中，水质监测是重点研究的内容之一，而水质在线监测方式可解决传统人工定点釆样监测时效性不足的问题。本文基于物联网（Internet of Things, IoT）技术，设计了一种实用的近海岸水质在线监测方案。该方案整合了具有通信距离远、抗干扰能力强的LoRa（Long Range Radio）无线通信技术、传感器技术、Web技术以及微信小程序技术，可实现近海岸水质监测数据的实时采集、处理、传输、存储、共享、展示、管理和控制，满足近海岸水质监测、渔业养殖监测和海洋牧场监测等多种近海固定点监测应用的需求。此外，本文还对设计的方案进行了原型系统实现与系统测试，结果表明设计方案可支持以无线方式对近海岸区域水质的智能化和长期性远程监测，有效改善了现有近海在线系统存在的监测距离较近、成本高、布设不够灵活和抗干扰性较差等不足。

Design of Near-Shore Water Quality Monitoring Platform Scheme Based on Internet of Things

In recent years, more attention has been gradually paid to the protection of marine ecological environment and more marine environmental monitoring activities and related researches have been carried out frequently. Among them, water quality monitoring is one of the key research contents, and the water quality online monitoring method can solve the problem of insufficient timeliness of traditional manual fixed-point sampling monitoring. Based on the technology of Internet of Things (IoT), a practical online monitoring scheme of near-shore water quality is designed. By integrating the LoRa wireless communication technology characterized by long communication distance, strong anti-interference ability, low power consumption and low cost, the sensor technology, the Web technology and the Wechat small program technology, this scheme can make it possible to realize the real-time collection, processing, transmission, storage, sharing, display and control of near-shore water quality monitoring data and meet the needs of various offshore fixed point monitoring applications, such as near-shore water quality monitoring, fishery and aquaculture monitoring and marine pasture monitoring. In addition, the implementation and testing of the prototype system of the designed scheme are also carried out. The results show that the designed scheme can support the intelligent and long-term remote monitoring of near-shore water quality in a wireless way and effectively improve the shortages of the existing near-shore online observation systems, such as short monitoring distance, high cost, not flexible enough layout, poor anti-interference, and so on.