天空地多源遥感数据的广义摄影测量学

21世纪以来,随着云计算、大数据、物联网、机器学习等信息技术领域的飞速发展,人类已进入人工智能新时代。摄影测量学科也顺应新一轮科技革命的浪潮,快速发展为全新的广义摄影测量学,其载体平台、仪器设备、数据处理理论技术及应用领域都已发生显著变化,天空地一体化的多传感器多层次综合立体观测技术得到极大发展,全面进入综合智能摄影测量时代。本文提出广义摄影测量学的科学概念,并详细论述其学科内涵、发展特点、研究方向与应用领域。在全新的广义摄影测量框架下,数据获取呈现多视角成像、多模态协同、多时相融合、多尺度联动等特点,数据处理则呈现多特征耦合、多控制约束、多架构处理、多学科交叉等趋势。天空地一体化广义摄影测量学的全面发展和智能服务,尚需在天空地多视角/多模态影像处理、智能信息提取与监测、点云与影像联合建模、无人系统自主导航、智能制造系统视觉检测等方面取得更大突破,形成从天空地多源遥感数据实时/准实时智能几何处理到信息提取服务的完整理论和技术体系,迎接智能化测绘新时代的到来。

Generalized photogrammetry of spaceborne,airborne and terrestrial multi-source remote sensing datasets

Since the 21st century, with the rapid development of cloud computing, big data, internet of things, machine learning and other information technology fields, human beings have entered a new era of artificial intelligence. The subject of photogrammetry has also followed the tide of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and developed rapidly into the brand-new generalized photogrammetry and entered the era of integrated intelligent photogrammetry. Its carrier platform, instruments and data processing theories as well as application fields have also changed significantly. The multi-sensor and multi-level integrated stereo observation technologies from spaceborne, airborne and terrestrial platforms have been greatly developed. In this paper, the novel concept of generalized photogrammetry is first put forward, and its subject connotation, development characteristics and some key technologies and applications are discussed in details. Under the brand-new generalized photogrammetry framework, data acquisition presents the characteristics of multi-angle imaging, multi-modal collaboration, multi-time integration, multi-scale linkage, while data processing presents the trends of multi-feature coupling, multi-control constraints, multi architecture processing, and multi-disciplinary intersection. The all-round development and intelligent service of the general photogrammetry still need to make greater breakthroughs in the aspects of spaceborne, airborne and terrestrial multi perspective or multi-modal image processing, intelligent information extraction and monitoring, combined 3D modeling with point cloud and image, autonomous control of unmanned system, visual inspection of intelligent manufacturing system, etc. Finally, new theories and technologies from real-time or quasi real-time intelligent geometric processing of multi-source remote sensing datasets to information extraction and intelligent service need to be established, which will make a well foundation to meet the new eara of intelligent surveying and mapping.