中美两国对地系统观测比较分析及对中国的启示

地球系统各要素间的相互耦合作用对资源开发利用、粮食和生存空间供给以及自然灾害防治等维持人类社会稳定发展的基本活动产生着巨大影响。因此,建设对地系统观测工程成为地球系统科学界的重大课题。对地系统观测工程包括三大彼此联系的功能模块,分别是破解地球系统要素耦合作用机理、提升对地球系统发展变化趋势的预测能力以及为决策者提供具有明确行动指向的信息情报。近期,中美两国均提出了未来对地系统观测的战略构想。通过比较分析两国对地系统观测的构想和实践过程,梳理两国对地系统观测的异同,在借鉴美国经验的基础上,提出了对中国对地系统观测工作的启示。

Comparative analysis of the Earth Observation System between China and the United States and its implications to China

The coupling effect among the earth system elements has a great impact on our basic activities in order to maintain the stable development of human society, including the development and utilization of resources, the supply of food and living space, and disaster prevention and mitigation. Therefore, the construction of the Earth Observation System (EOS) engineering has been a major task in earth science. The EOS engineering includes three interrelated functional modules, namely, interpreting the coupling mechanism of the earth system elements, improving the prediction ability of development and change trend of the earth system, and providing decision makers with clear action-oriented earth intelligence. Recently, China and the United States have put forward the strategic concept of future EOS. The authors in this paper have compared and analyzed the conception and practice process of the EOS between China and the United States, summarized their similarities and differences, and in the end put forward some implications to China about the EOS work based on the experience of the United States.