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Entanglements of marine mammals and seabirds in central California and the north-west coast of the United States 2001-2005 |
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| Authors: | Emma Moore Shannon Lyday Kate Litle Hannah Nevins Joe Mortenson Melanie Piazza Derek Lee Sarah Allen |
| Institution: | a MSc Graduate of Distance Learning Programme, Center for Environmental Policy, Imperial College, 32 Castleford Avenue, New Eltham, London SE9 2AL, UK b Beach Watch, Farallones Marine Sanctuary Association, P.O. Box 29386, San Francisco, CA 94129, United States c Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary, 991 Marine Drive, The Presidio, San Francisco, CA 94129, United States d Coastal Observation and Seabird Survey Team (COASST), School of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, 1122 NE Boat St., Box 355020, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA e Coastal Ocean Mammal and Bird Education and Research Survey (BeachCOMBERS), Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 8272 Moss Landing Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, United States f P.O. Box 194, Bodega, CA 94922-0194, United States g The Marine Mammal Centre (TMMC), Marin Headlands, 1065 Fort Cronkhite, Sausalito, CA 94965, United States h WildCare, 76 Albert Park Lane, San Rafael, CA 94901, United States i PRBO Conservation Science (PRBO), 38209 Cypress Drive #11, Petaluma, CA 94954, United States j Point Reyes National Seashore (PORE), 1 Bear Valley Rd., Point Reyes Station, CA 94956, United States k School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK |
| Abstract: | Entanglement records for seabirds and marine mammals were investigated for the period 2001-2005. The entanglement records were extracted from databases maintained by seven organizations operating along the west coast of the United States of America. Their programmes included beach monitoring surveys, rescue and rehabilitation and regional pinniped censuses. Records of 454 entanglements were documented in live animals and in carcasses for 31 bird species and nine marine mammal species. The most frequently entangled species were Common Murres, Western Gulls and California sea lions. The entanglement materials identified were primarily fishing related. Entanglements were recorded every year suggesting that although the incidence level differs annually, entanglement is a persistent problem. It is recommended that each programme records details in standardized categories to determine entanglement material sources. Numbers of entanglements observed during these surveys are likely to be a conservative view of the actual entanglement rate taking place at sea. |
| Keywords: | Entanglement Fishing gear Marie debris Marine mammals Seabirds West Coast of the United States |
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