欧美国家海洋空间规划研究进展

在人类活动向海洋不断扩张和海洋环境面临严重生态危机的现实背景下，欧美等海洋发达国家逐步形成了以生态系统为基础的海洋空间规划理念。自2006 年联合国教科文组织召开第一届海洋空间规划国际研讨会以来，国外海洋空间规划比较重视建立系统的空间规划理论与方法体系。一方面，注重构建海洋空间规划的理论基础，包括多类型的空间范畴，多目标的规划管理，基于生态系统的管理，跨部门的综合管理等；另一方面，注重建立海洋空间规划的实施框架和方法，包括逐步走向生态系统管理的技术框架，相关利益者的识别，海洋环境影响评价和生态价值评估等；此外，欧美等海洋发达国家从用海现状、环境影响、海洋生态价值功能等进行区域实践论证，产生了许多对我国有借鉴意义的区域实践经验。

Research progress of marine spatial planning in the occident

A brief overview on sensing and prediction parabolic equation models of the evaporation ducts over sea was made. According to their different principles and achieved methods, the existing approaches to predict the evaporation ducts over sea were classified into four kinds: the prediction methods based on the meteorological and hydro-meteorological data, the inversion calculation methods based on the satellite meteorological data, the back calculation methods based on the radar echo data, and the numerical assimilation methods based on the meso-scale model. The primary principle, and merits and drawbacks of each leading method were specifically analyzed and summarized. At last, the paper presented the present problems and the state of the progress in the methods of predicting and analyzing evaporation ducts over sea and its future research and tendency as well.