大洋钻探与大洋地壳研究

近代地球科学有两大发展趋势：一是向地球深部延伸，目的于探查地球深部的物质组成与作用过程，其代表性学科即地球动力学；二是向全球性扩展，把区域性的地学问题同全球变化联系起来，研究大气圈，生物圈，水圈和冰冻圈的变化及其复杂的相互作用，代表性学科即广义的环境科学。由于海洋占地球表面的７１％以上，洋壳只有５～６ＫＭ，海底又有丰富的矿产资源，因此人类目前比以往任何时候都更加重视海洋科学的研究。多国合作、学科光

OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM AND STUDY OF OCEANIC CRUST

At present,the earth sciences have two important tendencies, one is to explore the compositions, structure and processes of the Earth's deep interior with the representative subject of geodynamics, the another is to study the global changes and interactions in/between the atmosphere,biosphere,hydrosphere and cryosphere with the represent of generalized environmental science. As the ocean covers about 71% of the Earth's surface, the oceanic crust has only thickness of 5~6km and is rich of mineral resources at/in the ocean floor, the research of marine science has highlier been considered than any times before. Multinational collaboration, multidiscipline intersection,global consideration and technological development have constructed the highlight points in the research of marine sciences. Ocean Drilling Program(ODP) is the largest and worldwide attention-attracting international program in the marine science research. The predecessor of ODP is the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) which was pregnant with the 'geoscience revolution' in the 1970s and provided the theory of new global tectonics or plate tectonics with key evidences. ODP started in 1983 has achieved universally acknowledged great successes and will most possibably bring about the another geoscience revolution in the next century. In this article,the relationship of ODP with the research of oceanic crust is discussed.