Abstract: | Experiments on spilite melting at P = 3 kbar and T = 950−850°C indicate that partial melting in the presence of aqueous fluid (PH2 OP_{H_2 O} = 3 kbar) produces a series of melts of normal alkalinity with up to 77 wt % SiO2. The partial melts derived from spilite in the presence of aqueous fluid generated in the system NaCl-CaCO3-H2O have an agpaitic coefficient increasing to a level sufficient for the origin of alkaline granite in the course of fractional
crystallization. An increase in the alkalinity of the melt is explained by soda synthesis in the fluid due to an exchange
reaction between CaCO3 and NaCl. In contrast to NaCl, soda in highly soluble in aluminosilicate melts. We discovered that partial melting in the
presence of a soda-bearing fluid results in BaO concentrating from a level of 0.05 wt % in the original spilite to 1 wt %
in the partial melt. Conceivably, magmatism in the environment of oceanic islands can occur under conditions favorable for
the synthesis of soda-bearing fluids. CO2 that carbonizes the mafic rocks is provided by mantle plumes, whereas seawater penetrating to depths greater than those of
intermediate chambers serves as a source of NaCl. The activity of a fluid-magmatic system is able to generate subalkaline
sodic rocks, such as benmoreite and pantellerite. |