International targets and environmental policy integration: The 2010 Biodiversity Target and its impact on international policy and national implementation in Latin America and the Caribbean |
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| Institution: | 1. Open University of the Netherlands, Valkenburgerweg 177, 6419AT, Heerlen, the Netherlands;2. Systems Ecology & Resource Management, Biology Departlent, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, 50, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;3. Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;4. Centre for Environmental Science, Hasselt University (UHasselt), Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium;5. CEBioS, Capacities for Biodiversity & Sustainable Development, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium;6. Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Agoralaan Gebouw D, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium;7. Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlá?ská 2, CZ-611 37, Brno, Czech Republic;8. Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Charles Debériotstraat 32, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium;9. Zoology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 17, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland;1. Department of Urban Planning and Disaster Management, Ming-Chuan University, 5 De Ming Rd., Gui Shan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan;2. Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban PA37 1QA, United Kingdom;3. Fundação Getulio Vargas - Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo (EAESP) and Escola Brasileira de Administração Pública e de Empresas (EBAPE), Brazil;1. Department of Resource Management and Geography, The University of Melbourne, 221 Bouverie St, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia;2. Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, The University of Melbourne, Architecture and Planning Building (Building 133), Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia |
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| Abstract: | International environmental policy has evolved from a focus on single issues to more integrated approaches under the framework of sustainable development. This transition has been accompanied by a growing use of targets among international organisations. Targets have long been used in industry and corporate planning, but some have questioned their relevance in the ambit of environmental and sustainable development policy. This paper addresses the question of whether international targets help advance environmental policy integration in international governance. It explores whether the international target of significantly reducing the rate of biodiversity loss by 2010, adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 2002, enabled co-ordination and coherence in international biodiversity governance. The effects of the Target on the cluster of biodiversity-related conventions and their implementation in countries of Latin America and the Caribbean are examined. The analysis is based on official documents and interviews with secretariat officials, international experts and national focal points conducted between September 2011 and April 2012. A claim is made that the 2010 Biodiversity Target was, in essence, a conservation goal that did not fully honour the CBD's sustainable development mission. The Target triggered increased co-operation in the biodiversity cluster without bringing greater alignment of policies and implementation activities around the CBD's sustainability principles. The study suggests that, if targets are to advance EPI among international institutions, they need to be appropriated by relevant stakeholders and supported by implementation strategies that secure their continuous commitment. |
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| Keywords: | Targets Environmental policy integration Synergies Biodiversity governance Convention on Biological Diversity Latin America and the Caribbean |
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