Spatially complex land change: The Indirect effect of Brazil's agricultural sector on land use in Amazonia |
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| Institution: | 1. Population Studies and Training Center, Institute for the Study of Environment and Society, Brown University, United States;2. Department of Geography and Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, United States;3. Department of Geography, University of Texas, United States;3. Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA;1. Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany;2. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Rua do Russel 450/s.601, 22.210-010 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;3. Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development, Paris, France;4. International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia;5. Environmental consultant, Belém, Brazil;1. Forestry Department, College of Technology, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, CEP 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil;2. Instituto de Pesquisas Ambiental da Amazônia (IPAM), SCLN 211, Bloco B, Sala 201, Bairro Asa Norte, Brasília-DF, 70.863-520, 2000, CEP 28013-000 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil;3. Laboratório de Estudos do Espaço Antrópico (LEEA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, CEP 28013-000 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil;4. Embrapa – Cerrados – Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Rodovia BR-020, Km 18, Caixa Postal 08223, CEP 73.310-970 Planaltina, DF, Brazil;1. School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195-2100, USA;2. Association for the Conservation of the Amazon River (ACCA), Jiron Dos De Mayo 237, Barranco, Lima, Peru |
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| Abstract: | Soybean farming has brought economic development to parts of South America, as well as environmental hopes and concerns. A substantial hope resides in the decoupling of Brazil's agricultural sector from deforestation in the Amazon region, in which case expansive agriculture need not imply forest degradation. However, concerns have also been voiced about the potential indirect effects of agriculture. This article addresses these indirect effects for the case of the Brazilian Amazon since 2002. Our work finds that as much as thirty-two percent of deforestation, or the loss of more than 30,000 km2 of Amazon forest, is attributable, indirectly, to Brazil's soybean sector. However, we also observe that the magnitude of the indirect impact of the agriculture sector on forest loss in the Amazon has declined markedly since 2006. We also find a shift in the underlying causes of indirect land use change in the Amazon, and suggest that land appreciation in agricultural regions has supplanted farm expansions as a source of indirect land use change. Our results are broadly congruent with recent work recognizing the success of policy changes in mitigating the impact of soybean expansion on forest loss in the Amazon. However, they also caution that the soybean sector may continue to incentivize land clearings through its impact on regional land markets. |
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| Keywords: | Indirect land use change Agriculture Deforestation Amazon Brazil |
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