Oxygen isotopic distribution along the otolith growth axis by secondary ion mass spectrometry: Applications for studying ontogenetic change in the depth inhabited by deep-sea fishes |
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Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd. Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC;2. Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan;3. Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC;4. Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC;1. Department of Energy Engineering and Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan;2. Supercond. Research Lab., ISTEC, KSP R&D Wing A-9F 3-2-1, Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, Tokyo 213-0012, Japan;3. Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Mutsuno, atsuta-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi,456-8576, Japan;1. Istituto per l''Ambiente Marino Costiero, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Calata Porta di Massa, 80100, Naples, Italy;2. Istituto per l''Ambiente Marino Costiero, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, UOS di Capo Granitola, Via del Mare, 3 Torretta Granitola, 91021, Campobello di Mazara, Italy;3. ENEA, Marine Environment Research Centre, Santa Teresa Pozzuolo di Lerici, 19100, La Spezia, Italy;1. Astrophysical Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400 085, India;2. Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, Nainital 263 129, India;1. Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic;2. University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecosystem Biology, Branišovská 31a, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic |
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Abstract: | This study using tuna otoliths as working standards established a high lateral resolution and precision analysis to measure δ18Ootolith by secondary ion mass spectrometry. This analytical approach of the ion probe was applied to deep-sea fishes to reconstruct the likely depths inhabited by the fishes at different life history stages based on the measured δ18Ootolith values as a proxy of water temperature. Dramatic increases up to 5–6‰ in δ18Ootolith, representing a temperature decrease of approximately 20 °C, were detected in a blind cusk eel (Barathronus maculatus) otolith and in the otoliths of Synaphobranchus kaupii during leptocephalus metamorphosis to glass eel, inferred from the drop of otolith Sr/Ca ratios and increase of otolith growth increment width. δ18Ootolith profiles clearly divided the fish's life history into a planktonic stage in the mixed layer of the ocean and a benthic stage on the deep-sea ocean bottom. The habitat shift signal was recorded within a 150 µm width of otolith growth zone, which was too narrow to be clearly detected by mechanical drilling and conventional isotopic ratio mass spectrometry. However, variations down to −7‰ were found in δ18Ootolith profiles as the result of Cs2+ beam sputter in the core and larval portions of the otoliths. Carbon mapping by electron probe microanalyzer and staining by toluidine blue suggested abundant proteins existed in the areas with anomaly negative δ18Ootolith values, which cannot be interpreted as a habitat change but due to the isotopic fractionation by O emission from the proteins. These results implied that careful design and understanding of the chemical composition of the analytical areas or tracks on the heterogeneous otolith was essential for highly accurate and precise analysis. |
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Keywords: | Otolith Ion probe Deep-sea fish |
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