Analysis of kinematic parameters of Internal Solitary Waves in the Northern South China Sea |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China;2. College of Marine Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China;3. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States;1. Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Japan;2. Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan;3. Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Japan;4. Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Japan;1. Hydrographic Institute of the Republic of Croatia, Zrinsko-Frankopanska 161, 21000 Split, Croatia;2. Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, ?etali?te I. Me?trovi?a 63, 21000 Split, Croatia;3. University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Andrija Mohorovi?i? Geophysical Institute, Horvatovac 95, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;1. Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;2. Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan;3. Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan;4. Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan;5. Far Eastern Regional Hydrometeorological Research Institute, Vladivostok, Russia;1. State Key laboratory of Marine Geology, School of Ocean and Earth Science, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;2. Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510760, China |
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| Abstract: | The monthly climatology of observed temperature and salinity from the U.S. Navy Generalized Digital Environment Model (GDEM-Version 3.0) is used to derive the geographical and seasonal distribution of kinematic parameters of nonlinear internal waves in the Northern South China Sea (NSCS). Coefficients of the Generalized Extended Korteweg-de Vries Equation (GEKdV) with a background current are investigated (phase speed, dispersion, quadratic and cubic nonlinearity parameters, normalizing factor). These parameters are used to evaluate the possible polarities, shapes of internal solitary waves, their limiting amplitudes and propagation speed. We show that the long wave phase speed and dispersion parameters mainly depend on topography characteristics and have no obvious seasonal variation. The nonlinear parameters and normalizing factor are sensitive to variations in the density stratification and topography. Background current also exerts the distinct effects on the kinematic parameters; especially the nonlinear parameter can change by an order of magnitude. The nonlinear parameters take on larger values in the summer (July), and linear internal waves are prone to become steeper and develop into large-amplitude internal solitary waves under such circumstances. This explains why nonlinear internal solitary waves occur more frequently in summer. From the kinematic viewpoint, the dispersion parameter takes on larger values in the Pacific Ocean (PO) due to deeper water depth when compared with that in the NSCS. The stronger dispersion effect in the PO hinders the formation of large amplitude internal solitary waves, explaining why nonlinear internal solitary waves are rarely found to the east of the Luzon Strait. Large near-bottom velocities dominate the shallow area and tend to increase in the warm season. The largest values are induced by internal solitary waves, indicating that internal waves are the major drivers of sediment re-suspension and erosion processes. |
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| Keywords: | Internal Solitary Wave Background currents Generalized Extended KdV (GEKdV) Kinematic parameters Northern South China Sea |
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