植物水分利用效率及其测定方法研究进展

评述了植物水分利用效率(WUE)概念的发展以及不同尺度的研究进展,分析了WUE的研究意义。从植物因子和环境因子两方面综合评述了WUE的影响因素。植物因子包括:生理因子、生育期、光合途径、生活型、植物固氮特征、入侵特性和品种特性。环境因子包括:水分、光照、CO2浓度、空气温度和叶温、植物种植方式、灌溉方式、施肥、土壤贫瘠程度和干扰强度等,但各环境因子影响程度不同。并且概括了WUE的测定方法:田间直接测定法、气体交换测定法和稳定性碳同位素技术,探讨了各自的优缺点。最后强调了目前水分利用效率研究在尺度扩展方面存在困难,在干旱区植被恢复方面的研究相对较弱,进而初步展望了WUE在干旱区植被恢复方面的研究。

Research Progress on Plant Water Use Efficiency and Its Measuring Methods

The authors reviewed the development of concept of water use efficiency (WUE) and the research progress on water use efficiency of plant, and analyzed the significance of studying WUE. The factors influencing water use efficiency were analyzed from both botanic and environmental aspects. The botanic factors include physiological ones, the period of growth and development, approaches of photosynthesis, life forms, and characters for fixing nitrogen and invading, and breeds of plants. The environmental ones involve moisture, radiation, atmospheric CO2 concentration, air temperature, leaf temperature, planting regime, irrigation regime, fertilization, soil nutrient content and intensity of disturbance. In addition, the authors have summarized the methods to measure water use efficiency: field measurement, leaf gas change technology and stable carbon isotope technology; have further discussed their advantages and shortcomings respectively; finally, emphasized the difficulty in the study on scale extending and the necessity in arid and semi-arid zone, and brang forth a prospect of research trends on water use efficiency in the near future, especially on vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid zone.