Coupled groundwater flow and transport: 2. Thermohaline and 3D convection systems |
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| Institution: | 1. WASY Institute for Water Resources Planning and Systems Research Ltd., Waltersdorfer Str. 105, D-12526 Berlin, Germany;2. Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Computer Applications in Civil Engineering, University of Hannover, Appelstr. 9a, D-30167 Hannover, Germany;1. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, GA 30332, USA;2. State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China;3. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;1. Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;2. Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand;3. Research Program on Controls of Hazardous Contaminants in Raw Water Resources for Water Scarcity Resilience, Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand;4. Research Unit of Green Mining (GMM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand;1. Institute of New Energy, Sinopec Star Petroleum LTD., Beijing, 100083, China;2. China National Research and Technology Center of Geothermal Energy, Beijing, 100083, China;3. Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China;4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;5. School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China;1. TU Darmstadt Institute of Applied Geosciences, Department of Geothermal Science and Technology 64287 Darmstadt, Germany;2. TU Darmstadt Graduate School of Excellence Energy Science and Engineering, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany;3. APS Antriebs-, Prüf- und Steuertechnik GmbH – Wille Geotechnik, 37124 Rosdorf, Germany;4. LSCE - Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ (UMR 8212) C.E. de Saclay, Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France;5. Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada;6. Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada;7. Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada;8. GEOPS - UMR 8148 UPS-CNRS – Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France |
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| Abstract: | This work continues the analysis of variable density flow in groundwater systems. It focuses on both thermohaline (double-diffusive) and three-dimensional (3D) buoyancy-driven convection processes. The finite-element method is utilized to tackle these complex non-linear problems in two and three dimensions. The preferred numerical approaches are discussed regarding appropriate basic formulations, balance-consistent discretization techniques for derivative quantitites, extension of the Boussinesq approximation, proper constraint conditions, time marching schemes, and computational strategies for solving large systems. Applications are presented for the thermohaline Elder and salt dome problem as well as for the 3D extension of the Elder problem with and without thermohaline effects and a 3D Bénard convection process. The simulations are performed by using the package FEFLOW. Conclusions are drawn with respect to numerical efforts and the appropriateness for practical needs. |
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