区域生态环境质量评价方法研究

以江西省贵溪市为研究区域，从生态学和环境科学观点出发，在3S技术支持下，应用20m分辨率的中巴资源卫星遥感资料、1：100000数字化地理数据和GPS抽样调查数据，结合常规调查统计法，选择与区域生态环境有关的因子(如气候、水资源、土地利用、植被、水土流失)以及部分人类活动和经济因素(污染物排放、人均耕地面积、单位面积粮食产量、人均国内生产总值等)，构建了评价指标体系，空间尺度以研究区域平均水平取值，时间尺度截止到2000年。该体系通过专家定权法和中间截取求平均值方法进行权值估计，应用生态环境评价模型对2000年研究区域的生态环境质量进行评价。结果表明，该研究区域2000年生态环境质量达Ⅱ级标准，生态环境质量总体处较好水平，主要表现在森林覆盖率高于全省平均水平，达61．0％；人均耕地面积及产量水平分别为0．06hm^2／人和8025kg／hm^2，处全省中上水平；水土流失面积达61974hm^2，且治理效果好；生物多样性受到一定保护；GDP居全省前列，为该区域生态环境保护和治理提供了一定的经济基础。目前该区域存在的主要问题是：水质为国家Ⅲ级标准，应通过综合治理进一步提高标准；为较多气象灾害发生区；由于特殊的地理条件，导致土壤侵蚀的隐患较大。

Study on Evaluation of Regional Ecological Environment Quality

Ecologically and environmentally, considering Guixi County, Jiangxi Province as research area, supported by RS, GIS, GPS technology and conventional statistical method, natural factors, human activities and social economics elements are chosen to evaluate regional ecological and environment quality with model in which weight values are derived from experts and fuzzy method. Evaluating factors are acquired from interpreting CBERS1/CCD data with 20meters resolution, 1 to 100000 digital geographical data, surveying data with GPS and statistics data etc., including climate, water resource, land use, forest coverage, pollution releasing, farmland per person, food yield per unit area, and GDP etc. Index system is structured. Results show that the ecological environment quality in study site arrives at second grade, which behave in good conditions compared with the other counties in some aspects like forest coverage (61%), farmland per person (0.06hm²), food yield per unit area (8025kg·hm^-2), water and soil losses area (61974hm²), biology diversity being protected well. GDP ranks in front of the Province that is beneficial to protect and harness ecological environment. Also there are some problems such as the unsatisfied water quality (third grade),frequent weather disasters and potential danger of soil erosion.