Taxonomic and genetic status of lancelet in Weihai coastal waters based on mitochondrial DNA sequence |
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Authors: | Qi Zhao Qian Zhu |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Marine Bioscience, Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 164-8639 Tokyo, Japan;(2) Yokohama R&D Center, HITEC Co., Ltd, 220–0005 Kanagawa, Japan;(3) Bermuda Natural History Museum, PO Box FL 145, Flatts FLBX, Bermuda;(4) The Nagoya University Museum, Nagoya University, 464–8601 Aichi, Japan |
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Abstract: | Lancelets (subphylum Cephalochordata) are a transitional species between invertebrates and vertebrates. They are currently
listed in the Second Order of Protected Animals in China. Lancelets were first documented in the waters around the city of
Weihai (Shandong, China) in 2002. However, little is known about the phylogeny of this population. We analyzed the sequences
of cytochrome b (Cyt b) and cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (CO I) genes from samples collected from coastal waters in the
cities of Weihai and Qingdao (∼150 km to the south). We analyzed 176 sequences, of which 150 were novel sequences and 26 were
obtained from GenBank. Our results suggest that (1) lancelets in the two cities belong to the species Branchiostoma japonicus and have a high level of genetic diversity; (2) there is a high level of gene flow and low level of genetic differentiation
between lancelets from the two cities; (3) demographic expansion occurred an estimated 1.1 million years (Ma) ago (mid Pleistocene)
for lancelets in Weihai-Qingdao; and (4) the divergence between B. belcheri and B. japonicus was estimated at between 37.75 Ma (early Oligocene)-46.5 Ma (late Eocene). |
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