非洲世界遗产的分布特征

以世界文化和自然遗产为主要类型, 通过图表分析和计算密度, 分全洲、地区和国家3 个尺度, 研究非洲世界遗产的分布特征。从全洲看, 非洲大陆沿海和海岛地区、中等河流流域与非洲东部局部区域世界遗产分布相对集中。不同地区中, 东部、北部和西部非洲比较稠密, 其中东部非洲密度最高。各国中, 塞内加尔、突尼斯、冈比亚、佛得角、毛里求斯和塞舌尔密度最高, 其次为科特迪瓦、摩洛哥、多哥、肯尼亚、乌干达、马拉维和津巴布韦等国。世界文化遗产在东部、北部和西部非洲同样密集, 密度较高的有埃及、摩洛哥、突尼斯、贝宁、加纳、塞内加尔、多哥、冈比亚、佛得角、埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚、马拉维、毛里求斯和津巴布韦等国。世界自然遗产以东部非洲密度最高, 主要分布在突尼斯、尼日尔、几内亚、科特迪瓦、塞内加尔、喀麦隆、中非、民主刚果、坦桑尼亚、肯尼亚、塞舌尔、乌干达、马达加斯加、南非、津巴布韦和马拉维等国。

Geographical distribution characteristics of African world heritages

Based on graphic analysis and density calculation, this paper studies the characteristics of the spatial distribution of world heritage sites, mainly cultural and natural heritage, of Africa at continental, regional and state levels. As of 2012, a total of 126 sites in Africa are included in the World Heritage List. In 1978, world heritage sites from Africa were added to the World Heritage List for the first time, followed by a burst of number increase for a short period of time. After that, for many years it has been slow in terms of new heritage sites being added. Now it is the time to explore the characteristics of the spatial distribution of world heritage sites in Africa, and the study provides a reference for site selections in the interactions and exchanges with African states. The study has found that the world heritage sites are relatively concentrated on the continental coasts and islands, in mid-size river basins and eastern local areas, with higher densities in Eastern, Northern and Western, and the highest in Eastern Africa. Among the states, Senegal, Tunisia, Gambia, Cape Verde, Mauritius and the Seychelles have the highest densities, followed by C?te d'Ivoire, Morocco, Togo, Kenya, Uganda, Malawi, Zimbabwe and other states. Except for Malawi, Zimbabwe and Mauritius, the states with higher density of cultural heritage sites, including Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia, Senegal, Benin, Ghana, Togo, the Gambia, Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Kenya and other states are in Eastern, Western and Northern Africa. The corridor of Cameroon-Central Africa- Democratic Republic of Congo is the region rich natural heritage. At the regional level, except for Northern Africa, there are higher densities of natural heritage sites in other regions, with the highest density in Eastern Africa. At the state level, except for Tunisia, the states with higher densities of natural heritage sites, including Niger, Guinea, C?te d'Ivoire, Senegal, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Kenya, Seychelles, Uganda, Madagascar, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Malawi are in those regions. In addition, the distribution and density of world heritage sites at the regional level and the state level are showing good overlap.