旅游地可持续发展研究综述

旅游业快速发展给旅游地带来一系列资源环境等问题, 开展旅游地可持续发展研究有助于优化旅游地生态服务功能与提升旅游业综合效益。本文首先回顾了国内外旅游地可持续发展的研究历程, 将其分为起步探索、快速发展与巩固深化3 个阶段。其次, 分析了旅游环境承载力评价、旅游环境影响评价、评价指标体系、可接受改变极限、旅游生态足迹分析等旅游地可持续发展研究方法的特点与不足。第三, 从旅游地可持续发展概念内涵与发展水平、旅游地发展演化过程与规律、旅游生态安全与环境容量、旅游可持续发展模式、居民与游客的影响感知、旅游地低碳化发展、旅游企业的影响等7 个方面对旅游地可持续发展研究进行综述。最后对中国旅游地可持续发展研究提出了建议。

A review on sustainable development for tourist destination

With the rapid development of tourism, various resource and environmental problems have been constantly emerging in tourism destination areas. The research on sustainable development of tourism destinations can promote the optimization of comprehensive benefit and the exertion of ecosystem service function for tourism destinations. There have been abundant achievements in the research on sustainable development of tourism destinations at home and abroad. The research progress was reviewed from the three aspects in this paper, including research process, research methods and main research content. Firstly, the course of the research at home and abroad was summarized and divided into three phases: initial exploration, rapid development, consolidation and deepening. Secondly, main research methods were analyzed comprehensively in terms of their characteristics and the insufficiency, which include tourism environment capacity evaluation, tourism environment impact evaluation, evaluation indices, limits of acceptable change, tourism ecology footprint. Thirdly, the major research contexts were reviewed from seven aspects, including the concepts and the level of sustainable development of tourism destinations, the course and the mechanism of the development of tourism destinations, carrying capacity and ecosystem safety of the environment of tourism destinations, tourism sustainable development model, local residents' and visitors' perceptions of the impacts of tourism, low-carbon development of tourism destinations, and the impacts of tourism enterprises. Finally, the perspectives of the research on sustainable development of tourism destinations in China were put forward from the aspects of theory, methods, and content.