楚科奇海和白令海浮游植物的种类组成与分布

根据 1 999年 7月至 8月我国首次北极科学考察期间“雪龙”号考察船在楚科奇海 ( 66°0 .3′N75°1 8.6′N ,1 5 3°36.5′W 1 74°5 9.5′W )和白令海 ( 5 5°5 9.8′N66°0 .3′N ,1 73°2 1 .1′E1 75°5 3.9′W)采集的 5 1份网采样品和 2 4份水采样品 ,鉴定浮游植物 3个门类 38属 1 2 1种 (含变种和变型 ) ,都是真核藻类。其中楚科奇海有 33属 1 0 3种 ,白令海有 2 5属 71种 ,两海区共有种 49种。这些种类可分为 4个生态类群 :( 1 )北极类群 ;( 2 )北极、亚北极北方类群 ;( 3)北方温带类群 ;( 4 )世界性广温类群等。主要优势种有楚科奇海的格鲁菱形藻 (Nitzschiagrunowii)、诺登海链藻(Thalassiosiranordenskioldi)和聚生角毛藻 (Chaetocerossocialis)等和白令海的西氏细齿状藻(Denticulaseminae)、柔弱菱形藻 (Nitzschiadilicatissima)、成列菱形藻 (N .seriata)和长海毛藻(Thalassiothrixlongissima)等。楚克奇海浮游植物的平均丰度 ( 8.32× 1 0 7个 /m3)远高于白令海( 1 .5 8× 1 0 6个 /m3)。文中还讨论了调查区浮游植物的分布特点及其与环境的关系。

SPECIES COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN CHUKCHI SEA AND BERING SEA

Based on 48 net samples and 24 water samples from Chukchi Sea(66°0.3N-75°18.6N,153°36.5E-174°59.5W) and Bering Sea (55°59.8N -66°0.3N, 173°21.1E-175°53.9W) collected during FCNARE(1999) cruise of Xuelong Research Vessel of SOA, China, 121 phytoplankton species (including varieties and forms) in 43 genera of 3 phyla have been identified. Among them, 103 species in 33 gerera were from Chukchi Sea , 71 species in 25 genera were from Bering Sea, and 49 species were from both two seas. These species can be divided into 4 ecological groups:(1) Arctic group; (2) Arto-subarctic group; (3) Boreal-temprate group and (4) Eurythemal group. The dominant species were respectively Nitzschia grunowii, Thalassiosira nordenskioldi and Chaetoceros socialis in Chukchi Sea, and Denticula seminae, Nitzschia delicatissima, Nitzschia seriata and Thalassiothrix longissima in Bering Sea. The average abundance (8.32×10 7cells/m 3) of phytoplankton from Chukchi Sea was higher than that (1.58×10 6cells/m 3) in Bering Sea. The distribution characteristics of phytoplankton in surveyed areas and their relationship with the environmental factors (including biological factors) are discussed .