基于主成分分析法和监测数据的阿尔泰山采金废弃矿区人工恢复措施效益分析

本文以阿尔泰山两河源保护区采金废弃矿区为研究区，从地形、土壤、水分和地表植被4个方面出发，结合矿区现有条件，设置11种恢复措施，选取丰富度指数、优势度指数、多样性指数、均匀度指数、生物量、植被盖度、物种数及土石比等7个评价指标，采用主成分分析法，得出不同恢复措施的主成分得分及生态效益排名。结果表明，单一恢复措施，如推平、羊群驻扎、泥浆等基本上是从某一个方面来考虑生态恢复的，存在一定的缺陷，恢复效益排名比较靠后；多种措施相结合，不仅能改善土壤环境，也会引起植物群落多样性格局的变化，生态恢复效益很好；同一种恢复措施，施行年限越长恢复效果越好。

Assessment of the effects of artificial restoration measures in abandoned gold mining area in Altai Mountain using PCA and monitoring data

Ecological restoration has widely been considered as an effective approach for mitigating ecological degradation and improving ecosystem function. Environmental effects evaluation on ecological restoration including measuring the ecological restoration extent of damaged ecosystem is one of the important branches of restoration ecology. Scientific, objective and accurate assessment of ecological restoration effects not only was essential element of ecological restoration, but also could provide important guidance to the further implementation of ecological restoration. The “Two River Nature Reserve” in the Altai Mountains is located at the southern slope of the Altai Mountains. This ecoregion is characterized by mountains dissected by river valleys, high levels of precipitation, and high biodiversity. The climate condition of this region is characterized by long cold winters, and short, cool summers. Irrational gold mining activities in this area have caused serious ecosystem degradation and led to the overall degradation or even the loss of ecological functions． To remediate the deteriorating ecological environment and further the restoration and reconstruction of damaged ecosystems，our country has ratified and implemented a large number of ecological restoration projects，which play an important role in curbing the current trend towards ecological degradation，and in guaranteeing the ecological security of the region．In this paper, an abandoned gold mining field in Altai Mountain, Xinjiang was selected as study area. 11 kinds of restoration measures taken by “Two river Nature Reserve Administration” from 2010 to 2015 were examined by calculating the richness index, dominance index, diversity index, evenness index, biomass, vegetation coverage, species number and soil-rock ratio index. Further, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to compare the efficiency of each artificial measure. The results show that the effects of the single restoration measures, such as leveling, flock, mud and so on was not ideal; The combination of various measures can only improve the soil environment, but also lead to the change of plant community diversity, and the ecological restoration benefits are very good; As far as the same kind of restoration measure is considered, the longer restoration period the better recovery effect. According to a systematic summary of the study progress on effects evaluation of ecological restoration in an abandoned gold mining field in Altai Mountain, this paper supplies a brief account of effects evaluation from the aspects of its content, approach, method and technology.