贵州铜仁雷暴大风天气时空特征及天气分型

利用2016-2021年重要天气报、雷暴观测资料等,统计分析出贵州铜仁雷暴大风的时空分布的特征分析,并对其环流形势及离铜仁较近的怀化站探空特征进行分类分型,结果表明：贵州铜仁雷暴大风主要出现在3月至9月,5月发生次数最多,年均12.5站次,高频时段出现在14时—23时,峰值在22时（北京时,下同）;总体呈现“北多南少、东多西少”的分布特征,且主要以单站雷暴大风天气为主。根据天气形势配置将其分为以下４类：斜压锋生类、低层暖平流强迫类、准正压类和高层冷平流强迫类。其中低层暖平流强迫类根据中低层切变线北侧冷平流的强弱又可以分为：强冷暖平流强迫类、强暖平流强迫类和中间类。总结归纳各类雷暴大风过程的天气环流形势配置及垂直分布特征,可为短期天气预报预警提供参考。

Spatial-temporal characteristics and weather classification of thunderstorms and strong winds in Tongren, Guizhou

Using the important weather reports and thunderstorm observation data from 2016 to 2021, the characteristics of the temporal and spatial distribution of thunderstorms and strong winds in Tongren, Guizhou were statistically analyzed, and the circulation situation and sounding characteristics of Huaihua Station near Tongren were classified. It shows that: the thunderstorms and strong winds in Tongren, Guizhou mainly occur from March to September, with the largest number of occurrences in May, with an annual average of 12.5 stations, the high frequency period appears from 14:00 to 23:00, and the peak is at 22:00 (Beijing time, the same below); The distribution characteristics of "more north and less south, less east and less west" are generally present, and the weather is dominated by single-station thunderstorms and strong winds. According to the configuration of the weather situation, they are divided into the following four categories: baroclinic frontogenesis, low-level warm advection forcing, quasi-barotropic and high-level cold advection forcing. Among them, the low-level warm advection forcing category can be divided into: strong cold and warm advection forcing category, strong warm advection forcing category and intermediate category according to the strength of cold advection on the north side of the middle and low-level shear line. Summarizing and summarizing the configuration of weather circulation and vertical distribution characteristics of various thunderstorm and gale processes can provide a reference for short-term weather forecast and early warning.