结合网络文本的模糊层次分析法评价水环境敏感性

水环境监测数据在水环境敏感性评价中起关键作用,然而受地形、环境、站点布设等因素影响存在缺失或不足的问题。为此,本文选取福建省为实验区,以2017年4-6月该省重点平台采集的网络文本数据为数据源,从水环境网络文本敏感度、污染敏感度和保护敏感度3个方面分析遴选出13个评价因子,基于模糊层次分析法结合网络文本构建水环境敏感性评价模型,分类验证评估结果的合理性。结果表明：① 从网络文本敏感度看,该省东部-中北部地区高于西部-中南部地区,高敏感区分布集中在闽江下游地区;② 从污染敏感度看,该省南部地区高于北部地区,高敏感区主要分布在汀江中下游、晋江下游和龙江等区域;③ 从保护敏感度看,该省西北-中南地区高于东北-西南地区,高敏感区主要分布在闽江上游支流建溪、木兰溪、萩芦溪等区域。综合各敏感度因子分析后发现全省水环境敏感度整体从东南-西南-北部-中部-东北依次减小,东沿海经济发达区和河流入海口等区域呈现出高敏感性,与实际情况相符。本研究使得水环境敏感性评价结果更具合理性,对于预测或排查水环境高敏感污染风险区、重要保护区及公众关注区具有一定的实用意义。

Evaluation of Water Environmental Sensitivity based on Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Combined with Web Text

Water environment monitoring data plays a key role in water environmental sensitivity assessment. However, insufficiencies remains due to influences of factors such as terrain, environment and site layout. Therefore, this paper took Fujian Province as the experimental area, and used web text collected from key platforms of Fujian Province from April to June 2017 as the data source. Thirteen evaluation factors were selected from three aspects: web text sensitivity, pollution sensitivity and the protection sensitivity of the water environment. Based on the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process combined with the web text, a water environmental sensitivity evaluation model was constructed, and classification validated the rationality of the evaluation results. Results show: (1) In terms of web text sensitivity, the eastern and central-northern region of the province was higher than the western and central-southern region, and the highly sensitive areas were concentrated in Gulou District, Jin'an District and Minhou County in the lower reaches of the Min River. (2) In terms of pollution sensitivity, the southern part of the province (especially the southwest and southeast) was higher than the northern, and the highly sensitive areas were mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of Ting River, the estuary of the Jiulong River, and the lower reaches of Jin River and Long River. (3) In terms of protection sensitivity, the northwest-central-south part of the province was higher than the northeast-southwest, and the highly sensitive areas were mainly located in Jiangle County and Mingxi County in the upper reaches of Min River, and Wuyishan City in Jian River, Xianyou County in Mulan River and Hanjiang District in Qiulu River. (4) The water environmental sensitivity of the whole province decreased by the order of the southeast, southwest, north, central, north, and the east, and the economically developed areas along the eastern coast and estuaries of rivers showed high sensitivity, especially in Min River Estuary and Jin River Estuary. (5) The water environmental sensitivity assessment combined with the web text was more accurate in the investigation of highly water environment sensitive areas with pollution risks. Our findings suggest that the proposed method is more reasonable for water environmental sensitivity assessment, and has practical significance for predicting or troubleshooting highly-sensitive pollution-risk areas, important protected areas, and areas of public concern.